[复习讲义]
英语复习短文改错专题
nmet短文改错的解题基本思路应该是:一.以句为单位,找行中错误,每行必有一个判断(错词、多词、少词和正确),而判断的依据一定是上下文,最小单位是一个完整的句子。二.以篇为单位,找句中错误。许多时候,就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确,错误何在,而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句,进而对该行作出判断。
具体解题过程中,应该注意把握九个一致问题:
一.时态一致短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文,特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。
例1. myfavoritesportisfootball.iwasamemberofourfootballteam.(nmet’98)全文都是一般现在时,此句中was虽然与上下问不一致,应改为am。
例2. irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.(nmet’XX)
此处为一描述过去事件的语境,应与前文remembered保持一致,须改为calmed。
例3. today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.(nmet’93)第一个is与时间状语today保持一致,地第二个is则应改为was,使之与其时间状语inthepast一致。
二.主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。
例4.nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.
(nmet’XX) 主语为aandb时,谓语动词一般为复数,应改为are。
例5.thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomeoneofthe classafterafewgames.(nmet’93)主语为aorb时,应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数,become应改为becomes.
例6.playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrong… (nmet’98) 此处与例4,例5不同,谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致,为正确的用法,而play须改playing才可与此处其它部分一致。
三.平行一致
notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…以及and,but,or等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中,词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。
例7.playingfootballnotonlymakes…butalsogiveusasense offairplayandteamspirit.(nmet’98)依据平行一致原则,此处give应与前文makes保持一致,改为gives.
例8.itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystation anddrovemetotheirhome.(nmet’96)此句中的drove应与前文tomeet保持平行,故改为drive。
四.数的一致 名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致
例9.westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,
chinese…(nmet’97)quiteafew只修饰复数名词,保持一致,subject应改为subjects.
例10.they…askedmelotsofquestion.(nmet’96)与lotsof保持一致的只能是复数名词,应改为questions.
五.主饰一致 句中的主要词(中心词)应与其修饰词间保持一致。共
除了例9,例10外,还有
例11.…sothati’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(nmetXX)
all若修饰可数名词时,其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。
例12.shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedme
success.(nmetXX) all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上,故schoolmate应为schoolmates.
例13.unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople…(nmet’99)
unfortunate应作状语,修饰整个句子,此时应为副词unfortunately才可保持一致。
例14.i’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(nmet’95)修饰名词,应为awonderfultime.
六.指代一致 用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。
例15.thesmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.
(nemt’96)thesmiths为一复数概念,故指代词也应为第三人称复数their.
例16.iliveinbeijing,whereisthecapitalofchina.(nmet’97)
此处应为作主语的关系代词which.
例17.andican’tforgetthefoodyoucookedfori.(nmet’95)
此处i应作介词的宾语,故改为me才可保持一致。
七.语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。
例18.booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.(nemt’94)
与其主语books相对应,此处应为被动语态,故keep应改为kept。
八.搭配一致 句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。
例19.ifeltsonervousasishooklikealeaf.(nmet’XX)后
跟从句,保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.
例20.ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(nmet’97)
lookforwardto中to是介词,其后应为动名词hearing。
例21.butitdidn’tmatterthatiwouldwinornot.(nmet’XX)
与其后ornot保持一致时应用whether。
例22.ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters---inanyotherwords,iamanonlychild.(nmetXX)
inanyotherwords意为“换言之”,应为inotherwords。
九.逻辑一致
这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误,检查时应通篇考虑,重点在连词、代词,肯定与否定,及相对应的动词如come与go等。
例23.shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.(nmet’XX)
上下文看,应为she---myenglishteacher微笑且点头鼓励我,but应为and。
例24.nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(nmet’99)
从上文可知,因为无电视可看,人人都只好读书,someone改为everyone或everybody.
例25.andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewantto winthegame.(nmet’98)通读全文,都是用第一人称,这时突然用到they,显然不一致,应改为we.
[实战演练一]
⑴mostfamiliesinchinahopedtheirsinglechildrenwill 76._______共
haveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren. 77._______
sodoteachersinschools!manychildrenaregivensomuch 78._______
homeworkthattheyhavehardlyanysparetimehavesports. 79._______
thechildrenareforbiddentodoanythingbuttostudy.no 80._______
wondersomanychildrenaretiredoflessons.someeven 81._______
attackorkillhisparentsandteachers!ibelievemanypeople 82._______
alreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines. 83._______
shouldn’twedrawlessonfromtheaccidents?nowour 84._______
governmentismakingoutaplantosolvetheeducationproblems .85._______
⑵nowadays,almosteveryfamilyhastvset,andalmost 76._______
everyonelikeswatchingtv.tvhasbecomepartofourlives. 77._______
tvhasmanyadvantages,forexample,itinformsusthe 78._______
latestnewswhichishappeningintheworld;itcanopenour 79._______
eyes,enlargeourknowledgeandalsohelpustoseemore 80._______
abouttheworld.but,italsohassomedisadvantages.people 81.______
wastetoomuchtimeinwatchingtvandhisnormallife 82._______
andworkareaffected.tothechildrenwhotheyspendtoo 83._______
muchtimeinwatchingtv,itcandoharmfultotheirsight 84._______
andhealthy.soweshouldcontrolthetimeofwatchingtv. 85._______
⑶afewmonthsafterreturningtheusfromgermany,itook 76._______
partinacollegecourseinfrench.sinceihavelearned 77._______
tosaygermanwellingermany,ithoughtitmightbe 78.______
interestedtobeginstudyinganotherlanguage.atthe 79._______共
firstclass,theteacheraskedustodoapronunciation 80._______
exerciseinithewouldsayawordortwoinfrench,and 81._______
eachstudentwoulddotheirbesttocopy.whenhegotto 82._______
me,hekepthavingmetosaymorewords,andi 83.______
finallyaskedhimwhy.“ifinditgreatfun,”sheexplained 84._______
it.“in25yearsofteachingatschool,it’sthefirsttime 85._______
i’veheardanamericanspeakfrenchwithagermanaccent.”
⑷thehuaiheriverhasbeenseriouspolluted.dayandnigh76._______ millionsoftonsofwastewaterisbeingpoureddowntofrom 77._______ hundredsoffactories.thewastewaterisharmful.at present 78._______ thereisnofishinit.theriverwatercannotbedrunk.peoplein79._______
eitherbankhavetodigwellstotakedrinkingwater.the huaihe 80._______
riverissuchdirtyandpoisonousthatpeopledon’tdareswim 81._______ init.somethingmustbedonetostoppingthepollution.the 82._______ governmentandthepeopleneartherivermusttrytoclearwater 83._______
assoonaspossible.nowspecialattentionhaspaidtothe 84._______
pollutionbythegovernmentandmorescientists.thepollution85._______
willbepreventedinthenearfuture.
⑸dearabby,
howareyou?todayi’vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou. 76._______
ihaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinaustraliaformy 77._______
furthereducation.onehundredandtwentystudentstookexam 78._______
forit,butonlyafewwaschosenandiwasoneofthem.however, 79._______
myparentsarenothappyaboutit.theyarestrongagainstme 80._______共
goingthere.theysayitistoofarawaythattheywillnotseeme 81._______
forawholeyearandtheyareafraidofiwillfeellonely.they 82._______
can’timagineagirlsoyounglivealone.theyadvisemetostudy 83._______
inthecapitalinstead.theni’llbeabletocontinuelivingwith 84._______
them.howcanipersuadethemtoacceptthefactihavegrownup? 85._______ bestwishes,
jane
⑹aperson’sagenolongertellsyousomethingabout 76.________ hissocialposition,marriageorhealthy.there’snolonger, 77.________
aparticularyearwhichonegoestoschoolorgoesto 78.________
workorgetsmarriedorstartafamily.thesocialclock 79.________
thatkeptusontimeandtolduswhengotoschool,get 80.________
ajob,orstopworkingisn’tasstrongasitwasusedtobe. 81.________
itdoesn’tsurpriseustoheara28-year-olduniversity 82.________
presidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,or70-year-old 83.________
manwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.whatwe 84.________
allknow,public’sideasarechangingnowadays. 85.________
⑺itisdifficultforparentstoteachyourchildrentoberesponsible76.________
(有责任的)forhousework,butwithoneofthefollowedsuggestions, 77.________共
youreallycangetyourchildrenhelpyouathome.ifyougiveyour 78.________
childrentheimpressionwhichtheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,79.________
thentheywillregardthemselvesunfitorunablepersons.unlessthey80.________
believetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependence.81.________
don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.talkabout 82.________
whatthey’vedoneright,butaboutwhattheyhaven’tdone.ifyour 83.________
childrencompleteadifficulttask,reward(酬劳)himwithasunday 84.________
triporaballgameofdad. 85.________
⑻beforeiwenttoseniormiddleschool,somepeoplestold 76._______
me.“alifeofseniormiddleschoolisunforgettable.” 77._______
whileifirstenteredmyseniormiddleschool,everything 78._______
seemedunpleasant.faceallthestrangethingsaroundme, 79._______
ioftenmissmyoldfriendsandclassmates.ididn’twant 80._______
totalkothersormakefriendswithothers.littlebylittle,my 81._______
schoolrecordwentfrombadtoworse,especiallymy 82._______
maths.icouldn’tevenpasstheexam.ilosttheheartand 83._______
missedthehappytimesalldaylong.itoldme,“idon’t 84._______
belongtoit.idon’tlikethelifehere.” 85._______
⑼tomanddickarenextdoorneighbourwhowork 76.________共
inthesameofficesotheywalkedtogethertoandfrom 77.________
office.somedayastheywerewalkinghometogetherit 78.________
suddenstartedtorain.tomquicklyopenedhisumbrella 79.________
andsaid,“mywifesurelyhasforesight(预见).shesaid 80.________
onthismorningitwouldrainandtoldmetocarrymy 81.________
umbrellawithme.”dicksmiledandwalkedtohim,said, 82.________
“mywifehasevengreatforesight.shetoldmenotto 83.________
carryanumbrellaandassheknewyouwouldcertainly 84.________
havewithyou.” 85.________
⑽ dearsirormadam,
iseeyouradvertisementinastudentmagazineand 76.______
i’minterestingtoknowmoreaboutyourdivingcourses. 77.______
firstofall,ishouldexplainthatalthoughicanswimi’m 78.______
notveryconfidentinthewater.butyoumentionedyour 79.______
advertisementthatyourinstructorsarefullqualified(称职), 80.______
soibelievethey’llabletoteachsomeonelikemetodive. 81.______
ihaveoneweek’sholidayinthethreeweekofjune 82.______
andwouldliketoknowthatifthere’sacourserunningat 83.______共
thattime.howmuchdoesaweek’scourseworth?finally, 84.______
ifidecidetogoahead,arethereanyspecialequipmenti 85.______
needtobuyoriseverythingprovidedbyyourcompany?
ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.
sincerelyyours,
tom
⑾dearxiaohua,
itisfourdayssincemotheracceptedtheoperation. 76._______
sheisfeelingmuchmorebetter.thedoctorstoldme 77._______
theoperationwassuccessful,butbecauseheroldage 78._______
shehadtostayinhospitalforothertwoweeks.the 79._______
doctorsalsosayitwasquitenecessaryforherto 80._______
doso.weexpecttogetafullreportintwoandthree 81._______
days.pleasetellthegoodnewstotherestoffamily 82._______
assoonaspossible.youneedn’ttocomehere.i’m 83._______
abletolookaftermotherbymyself.you’dbetter 84._______
sendflowerstomother.shewillfeelhappily. 85._______
yours,
xiaohui共
⑿footballismostpopulargameinengland:onehasonly 76._______
togotooneoftheimportantmatchtoseethis.richand 77._______
poor,youngandold,onecanseethemallthere,shoutand 78._______
cheeringforonesideortheother.oneofthesurprised 79._______
thingsaboutfootballinenglandtoastrangeristhegreat 80._______
knowledgeofthegamewhichstillthesmallestboyseems 81._______
tohaveit.hecantellyouthenamesoftheplayersinmost 82._______
oftheimportantteam,hehasphotographsofthemand 83._______
knowtheresultsoflargenumbersofmatches.hewilltell 84._______
youhisopinionwhichisusualasvaluableasthatoftheadults.85._______
⒀ climbingismyfavouritesport.iamveryfoodit, 76._______
especiallyinlaterautumn.onedayearlyinthemorning, 77._______
myfriendsandiputonoursportsshoesandstartoff. 78._______
afterclimbingforhalfanhour,wegotatthetopof 79._______
themountain.therewehadagoodviewmilesaround.in 80._______
thenorth,abigrivercrossedthecity.thereweremany 81._______
shipssailbusily.alotofbeautifultreeswerethere,too. 82._______
thesunstartedtogodown,foritwastimeforus 83._______
togoback.ontheroadback,wewerelaughingand 84._______
talkingallthetime.wehadagoodtimeonthatday. 85._______
⒁beforelunchallenhappenedtoseeamanfishedin 76.______
aditchaboutfivemetreoutsideabar.allenstopped 77.______
regardedhimlikeafoolishman.allen’sheartwentout 79.______共
ofhim.hesaidkindlytofish-catcher,“hello,will 80.______
youpleasedomeafavorandhaveadrinkwithme 81.______
inthebar?”themangladlyreceivedhisinvitation. 82.______
afterbuyingthemanseveralcupssoft-drinks, 83.______
allenasked,“youarefishingthere,right?mayi 84.______
knowhowmuchfishyouhavecaughtthismorning?” 85.______
“youarethenumber8,”saidthemanhumorously.
⒂whatshouldyoudowhenyourparentsbecomeangry?if 76.________
yourparentsgotmad,trytohaveaconversationwiththem 77.________
aboutit.rememberingnottoshoutatthem.theyusually 78.________
willtrytochange,buttheywilltakesometimebecause 79._________
theygetangryalltheirlife,andthatisalltheyknow.you 80._________
mighthavetochangeforyourmethodacoupleoftimes. 81._________
doanynicethingsforyourparentsthattheydon’texpect 82._________
—`likecooking,doingthedishes,washingclothes,orclean 83._________
thefloors.ifthisdoesn’twork,bringinfriendthatyou 84._________
feelcomfortable,andhavehimorherhelpyou. 85._________
⒃ infeb.2nd1979,china’svice-premier 76._______
dengxiaopingwasatavisittotheu.s. 77._______
hewasinthespaceflightcenterneartohouston 78._______
texas.satinthepilot’sseatofamodelof 79._______
aspaceshuttle(航天飞机),hewas
askedtotouchabutton 80._______共
tomakeitlandingontheearthfrom 81._______
aheightof95,000feet,thathedid.from 82._______
windowsofthecraft,hecouldseetheearth 83._______
cominguptomeethimasareturnedspacepilot 84._______
wouldseeit.millionsofpeopleinbothchinaand
theuswatchthisontvwithdelight. 85._______
[实战演练二]
a
we’llneverforgetadaywhenmyclassmatesand 1.____
ipaidavisitachemistryfactory.it 2.____
wasalargeonewithnearly20,000workers.itlooks 3.____
likeagardenandwesawcolorfulflowers,grassandtrees 4.____
there.wealsovisitedsomeworkshopandfoundworkers 5.____
workinghard.wetalkedtothemandlearnedalotof.we 6.____
understoodthemfurther.onthewayhomewefeltverytiring, 7.____
butweboththoughtwehadaverygoodday. 8.____
wereallyhopedwhatwecouldgetmorechances 9.____
ofleavingtheschoolandlearnaboutsociety. 10.____
b
thechildrennextdooroftenplaythefootballin 1.____
thegardenaftermyhouseandsometimesbreakmy 2.____
windows.lastsaturdayafternoonistayathomeand 3.____
readabook.afterawhile,iclosedmyeyesandwent 4.____共