period3 grammarteachingaims 1.revisethepassivevoice(includingtheinfinitive)andknowtheexactmeaningofthestructure.2.beabletousetheusefulwords,expressionsandstructurescorrectly.teachingprocedures step1 revisionaskstudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionswithoutreferringtothetextbook.1.whatwasgoingtobetestedoutbylarry'swife,claire?2.howdidlarrybelmontfinallypersuadehiswifetoaccepttheexperiment?3.howdidclairefeelwhenshewasofferedsympathybyarobot?4.whatdidtonyexpecttodoaboutthehousebeforehewastoleaveandlarrywastoreturn?5.howdidclairefeelwhenshewasenviedbythosewomen?6.whathappenedtotonyatlast?suggestedanswers:1.therobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbylarry'swife,claire.2.larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.3.shethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.4.tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.5.shefeltitasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen.6.tonyhadtoberebuilt.step2 grammarlearning1.不定式的被动形式当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种:一般式和完成式。(1)一般式:tobedone,表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。itisagreathonor_to_be_invited_tospeakhere.很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。thenovelissaid_to_be_published_nextmonth.据说这本小说下月要出版。(2)完成式:tohavebeendone,表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。thebookissaidto_have_been_translated_intosixlanguages.这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。thebosspreferred_to_have_been_given_moreworktodo.老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。
被动
一般式
tobedone
完成式
tohavebeendone 2.不定式被动形式的作用(1)作主语it'sanhonorto_be_invitedtotheceremony.很荣幸被邀请赴宴。it'sapityto_be_keptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。(2)作表语theletteris_to_be_sent_byairmail.这封信笺要空邮。(3)作宾语shedidn'tliketo_be_treatedasachild.她不喜欢被当成孩子。theboyaskedto_be_givenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。(4)作宾语补足语i'dlikemybedroomto_be_cleaned.我想整理一下我的卧室。(5)作定语hewasthelastone_to_be_askedtospeakatthemeeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。(6)作状语hismotherleftthesmallvillage,never_to_be_seenagain.他母亲离开了那个小山村,再也没有人见过她。3.不定式有些要注意的地方(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to,但在变成被动语态后需要加上to,能这样用的动词或动词词组有:make,have,let,see,hear,notice,listento,watch等。如:共4页,当前第1页1234weoftenseehimactlikethat.=heisoftenseentoactlikethat.我们常常看到他那样做。(2)在can'thelpbut,havenothingtodobut结构中,介词but后的不定式省去to。如:ican't_help_butsuspecthismotive.我不禁怀疑起他的动机。ihave_nothing_to_do_but_watchtv.我没什么事情可做,除了看电视。(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式,一般用主动形式表示被动意义,其中形容词常见的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。如:theworkisimpossible_to_finishintwodays.工作不可能两天之内完成。englishisnotsoeasy_to_learn.英语并不好学。②一些固定用法,如“挨骂,受责备,受批评”用betoblame;“(东西等)出租”用tolet。heistoblameforwhathehasdone.他应为他所做的受责备。thehouseistolet.房子要出租。step3 exercises1.thecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofliuxiang,whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.a.breaking b.havingbroken c.tohavebroken d.tobreak2.ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.themorningairissogood______.a.tobebreathed b.tobreathe c.breathing d.beingbreathed3.______theprojectasplanned,we'llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.a.completing b.complete c.completed d.tocomplete4.havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.a.tosee b.tobeseen c.seeing d.seen5.ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.a.totell b.tobetold c.telling d.told6.doletyourmotherknowallthetruth;sheappears______everything.a.totell b.tobetold 共4页,当前第2页1234c.tobetelling d.tohavebeentold7.littletomshouldlove______tothetheaterthisevening.a.tobetaken b.totake c.beingtaken d.taking8.itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto______manythings.nowpeopleareusedto______plasticsproducts.a.make;using b.making;using c.making;use d.make;use9.withalotofproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.a.settled b.settling c.tosettle d.beingsettledkeys:1~5cbdbb 6~9daacstep4 drillingaskstudentstodoexercise 1onpage14andthenchecktheanswerstogether.keys:exercise1betestedout,beharmed,beoffered,wasamazed,wasnotallowed,bediscovered,becompletelytransformed,wereimpressed,beenvied,berebuiltaskstudentstodoexercise2andthenchecktheanswerstogether.keys:exercise21.tobedesigned 2.toberebuilt 3.tobeaccompanied 4.tobeknownas 5.tobefilledwith 6.tobetestedout 7.tobeenvied 8.tobesetasidestep5 usingthepassiveinfinitivetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoenglishusingthepassiveinfinitive.1.那本关于《圣经》的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。2.下周末前,这个旧扶手椅将由一个沙发代替。3.不要着急,你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。4.你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。5.刚刚出了一起事故,不过没有必要惊慌,没有人受伤。6.虽然她考得不错,但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。7.当在医院进行大手术的时候,她得到了家人的关爱和支持,为此她感到非常高兴。8.他为自己被宣布成为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。9.他把他们已经得到的XX元与将提供的1500元加在一起,总共3500元。10.没有主力队员的参与,他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。suggestedanswers:1.thatbookontheholybibleneedstobereturnedtothelibraryby/beforetheendoftheweek.2.thatoldarmchairistobereplacedbyasofanextweek.3.don'tworry—youstillhaveplentyoftimeforthatfaxtobesenttoyourcompany.4.yourdecisiontodivorceyourwifehastobemadewithheragreement.共4页,当前第3页12345.therehasbeenanaccidentbutthereisnoneedtobealarmed.nobodyhasbeenhurt.6.althoughshehaddonewell,sheexpectedherparentstobedisappointedbyherexamresults.7.shewashappytobesupportedbytheaffectionofherfamilywhenshehadaseriousoperationinhospital.8.hewassoexcitedtobedeclaredthewinnerofthetalentcompetition.9.headdedtheXXyuantheyhadreceivedtothe1500yuantobeoffered,making3500yuaninall.10.withouttheirkey/leadingplayer,they'reboundtobebeateninthecomingcompetition.step6 homeworkfinishoffexercises1and2onpage56.共4页,当前第4页1234