名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
(一)引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3、连接词:that,whether,if,asif。that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
(二)主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g.whowillgoisnotimportant.
2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g.itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
(三)表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
e.g.thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g.myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
(四)宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g.ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether。
e.g.i’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..
i’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
e.g.iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。
e.g.pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。
e.g.idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。
e.g.itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
(五)同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。共
e.g.ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
练习:名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句:
1.chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
2.thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.
3.itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.
4.howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.
5.thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.
6.thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.
7.thatiswhereluxunusedtolive.
8.hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.
9.doyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusenglishatmiddleschool?
10.iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.
二、用适当的连词填空:
1.ican’tdecide____________dictionaryishouldbuy.
2.that’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.
3.iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.
4.____________weneedismoretime.
5.thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.
6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.
7.pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.
8.isthat____________youarelookingfor?
9.wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?
10.idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.
三、选择填空:
1.doyousee_____ imean?
a.that b./ c.how d.what
2.tellme_____isonyourmind.
a.that b.what c.which d.why
3.wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.
a.what b.that c./ d.how
4.letmesee_____.
a.thatcanirepairtheradio b.whether-icanrepairtheradio
c.icanrepairtheradio d.whethercanirepairtheradio
5.keepinmind_____.
a.thattheteachersaid b.whatdidtheteachersay
c.thatdidtheteachersay d.whattheteachersaid
6.couldyouadviseme_____?
a.whichbookshouldireadfirst b.whatbookshouldireadfirst
c.thatbook1shouldreadfirst d.whichbookishouldreadfirst
7.hewascriticizedfor_____.
a.hehaddoneit b.whathehaddone c.whathadhedone d.thathehaddoneit
8.wouldyoukindlytellme_____?共
a.howcanigettothebeijingrailwaystation
b.howicangettothebeijingrailwaystation
c.wherecanigettothebeijingrailwaystation
d.whethercanigettothebeijingrailwaystation
9.mrs.smithwasverymuchimpressedby_____.
a.whathadsheseeninchina b.thatshehadseeninchina
c.whatshehadseeninchina d.whichhadsheseeninchina
10.wetookitforgranted___
a.thattheywerenotcoming b.thatweretheynotcoming
c.theywerecomingnot d.weretheynotcoining
11.ireallydon'tknow_____
a.ishoulddonext b.whatshouldidonext
c.whatishoulddonext d.howishoulddonext
12.i'mafraid_____.
a.thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedon
b.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetooperateon
c.thelittlegirlwillhavetooperateon
d.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetobeoperatedon
13.shewalkedupto_____.
a.wheredidistand b.whereistood
c.istoodthere d.whereistoodthere
14.canyoutellme_____?
a.whoisthatgentleman b.thatgentlemaniswho
c.whothatgentlemanis d.whom.isthatgentleman
15.we'llgiveyou_____.
a.thatdoyouneed b.whatdoyouneed
c.whateveryouneed d.whetherdoyouneed
16.theywantustoknow_____tohelpus.
a.whatcanthey b.whattheycan c.howtheycan d.howcanthey
17.wemustput_____intopractice.
a.whatwehavelearned b.thatwehavelearned
c.thathavewelearned d.whathavewelearned
18.didshesayanythingabout_____?
a.thattheworkwastobedone b.howwastheworktobedone
c.thatwastheworktobedone d.howtheworkwastobedone
19.hewasneversatisfiedwith_____.
a.whatshehadachieved b.hadwhatsheachieved
c.shehadachieved d.thatsheachieved
20.thesephotographswillshowyou_____.
a.whatdoesourvillagelooklike b.whatourvillagelookslike
c.howdoesourvillagelooklike d.howourvillagelookslike
21.peterinsisted_____hepaythebill.
a.onthat b.what c.that d.onwhich
22.theyurged_____thelibraryopenduringthevacation.
a.when b.where c.why d.that
23.wewishwecouldhavelearned_____whenwewereathighschool.共
a.whatyoudid b.thatyouhaddone
c.thatwhatyoudid d.whatdidyoudo
24.1willdescribetoyou_____isawwhenthere.
a.what b.that c.which d./
25.from_____ishouldsayheisagoodworker.
a.what1knowofhim b.thatidoknowofhim
c.whatdoiknowofhim d.thatdoiknowofhim
26.iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.
a.whomever b.anyone c.whoever d.someone
27._____theywillcomeherehasn'tbeendecidedyet.
a.what b.that c.when d.where
28._____wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
a.who b.thething c.whatever d.where
29.itisstillaquestion_____weshallhaveoursportsmeet.
a.if b.that c.what d.when
30.i'mgoinganyway._____shewillgoisuptohertodecide.
a.ifornot b.whetherornot c.if d.that
31.itisstrange_____shehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.
a.that b.what c.why d.how
32.itisveryclear_____ourpolicyisacorrectone.
a.what b.that c.why d.where
33._____mrzhangsaidisquiteright.
a.that b.when c.what d.whether
34.ithasbeendecided_____hewillbesentthere.
a.if b.whether c.why d.that
35.itdoesn'tmatter_____he'scomebackornot.
a.if b.whether c.that d.when
36.it'sagreatpity_____wewon’tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.
a.when b.that c.why d.where
37.ithappened_____iwasn'ttherethatday.
a.when b.why c.where d.that
38._____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.共
a.what b.that c.which d.thethings
39._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoftthelights.
a.anyone b.theperson c.whoever d.who
40._____theXXolympicgameswon'tbeheldinbeijingisknowntoall.
a.whether b.if c.whenever d.that
41._____failstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.
a.that b.whoever c.whether d.whetherornot
42.__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.
a.what b.whether c.that d.whatever
43.hasitbeenannounced_____?
a.whenaretheplanestotakeoff b.thataretheplanestotakeoff
c.wherearetheplanestotakeoff d.whentheplanesaretotakeoff
44.thatis_____weallsupporthisidea.
a.what b.why c.where d.when
45.that’s_____weshoulddo.
a.that b.what c.how d.why
46._____istroublingmeis_____idon’tunderstand_____hesaid
a.what;that;what b.what;what;what
c.that;that;what d.why;that;which
47.thingswerenot_____theyseemedtobe.
a.when b.why c.that d.what
48.that’s_____iwanttosay.
a.allwhat b.what c.allwhich d.whatthat
49.that’s_____.
a.whereourdifferenceslie b.ourdifferencesliethere
c.wheredoourdifferenceslie d.thatwhereourdifferenceslie
50.thatis_____.
a.wherelivedhethere b.wheredidhelive
c.wherehelived d.thatwherehelived
51.thequestionsis_____.
a.whetherisitworthdoing b.thatifitisworthdoing
c.whetheritisworthdoing d.ifitisworthdoing
52.waterwillcontinuetobe_____itistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.
a.how b.which c.what d.as
53.that's_____.
a.howdidibecomeateacher b.howibecameateacher共
c.howateacheribecame d.thatibecameateacher
54.theyarejust_____.
a.thatwhatshallihave b.whatshallihave
c.thatishallhavewhat d.whatishallhave
55.itlooked____.
a.asifitwasgoingtorain b.thatasifitwasgoingtorain
c.asifwasitgoingtorain d.asifthatitwasgoingtorain
56.that's_____.
a.howshedidit b.thathowdidshedoit.
c.howdidshedoit d.whatshedidit
57.thatis_____wedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.
a.where b.which c.that d.why
58.that’s_____ilivedwheniwastenyearsold.
a.where b.atwhich c.therewhere d.when
59.mysuggestionis_____weshouldsendafewcomradestohelpthem.
a.if b.that c.whenthat d.thatwhere
60.theidea_____allpeopleareselfishiswrong.
a.what b.that c.why d.if
61.weheardthenews_____ourteamhadwon.
a.that b.what c.whether d.why
62.thefact_____hehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedusall.
a.why b.if c.that d.whether
63.ihavenoidea_____shewillbeback.
a.that b.where c.thatwhen d.when
64.wemustkeepinmindthefact_____chinaisstilladevelopingcountry.
a.whether b.that c.why d.when
65.theyhavenoideaatall_____.
a.wherehehasgone b.wheredidhego
c.wherehashegone d.whichplacehehasgone
参考答案
语法复习三:名词性从句
一、1、表语从句;2、同位语从句;3、不是;4、主语从句;5、同位语从句;6、不是;7、表语从句;8、宾语从句;9、不是;10、宾语从句
二、1.which;2.why;3.how;4.what;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether
三、1~5dbabd 6~10dbbca 11~15cabcc 16~20badab 21~25cdaaa
26~30cccdb 31~35abcdb 36~40bdacd 41~45bcdbb 46~50adbac
51~55ccbda 56~60adabb 61~65acdba
共