备战XX届高考英语(通用版)一轮复习
专题11 祈使句,反意疑问句和感叹句
【考纲解读】
从近几年的高考题可以看出,在四种简单句型中,考查的重点比较集中,主要考查反意疑问句和祈使句。作为考查点,在全国卷及地方卷单项填空中每年都以灵活、多变的形式出现。根据英语语言特点、简单句的考查今后仍是热点。
考查的重点是:祈使句和含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句及句尾的附加成分等。
主要考点有:
1. 祈使句的判断
2. 祈使句固定结构
3. 反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法
【知识要点】
一、简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。按照句子的功能,简单句可分为4类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。其中陈述句中的否定式、疑问句中的反意疑问句以及感叹句的结构多为考查重点,应重点掌握。以下将对此作重点分析。1.陈述句
陈述句包括肯定式和否定式两种(肯定式暂略)。注意以下有关否定结构的问题:
he had hardly any schooling before liberation.
not both of them want to go.(=both of them don’t want to go.)
all that glitters is not gold.
none of these answers are/is correct.
we don’t believe that he can do that.
—is xiao ming coming?
—i don’t suppose so./i suppose not./i suppose so.
hope和be afraid的肯定和否定答语分别为:i hope so./i hope not.及i’m afraid so./i’m afraid not.
2.疑问句
疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。现主要介绍反意疑问句构成。
形式:句子+简短的疑问句
(1)前面若有多个句子并列,则以最后一个句子为准;若前面部分为主从复合句,一般来说,以主句为准;但若主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess等,主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时,简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准,而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
(2)前面句子含有must,can’t,may等表推测的词时,疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定。
(3)句子是let’s...时,后面用shall/shan’t we;前面部分是let us...祈使句时,后面用will/won’t you。
(4)前面句子是i’m ...时,后面用aren’t i;句子是i’m not...时,后面用am i。
(5)前面是感叹句时,后面跟感叹句的主谓一致,但用否定形式。
(6)当主语是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody时,疑问部分用复数形式。
否定、肯定形式:
(1)一般说来,前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反;但当句子前有oh,ah,so等语气词时,前面两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
(2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时,后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时,后面部分还是用否定形式。
there used to be a cinema here before the war,use(d)n’t there/didn’t there?
such things ought not to be allowed,ought they?
he seldom comes late,does he?
you don’t think he can finish the work by himself,do you?
have a cup of tea,will you?共7页,当前第1页1234567
3.祈使句
表示请求、命令、叮嘱等。祈使句的主语是you,但一般被省略;当前面有呼语时,一般得补出主语you;否定式一般是前面加don’t。
在“祈使句+and/or/and then+句子”句型中,当祈使句中含有比较级时,可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略,只留下“比较级或比较级与名词+and/or/and then+句子”。
get up early tomorrow,or you’ll miss the first bus.
4.感叹句
how修饰形容词、副词或动词构成感叹句。如:
how fluently she speaks english!
what修饰名词或名词短语构成感叹句。如:
what fun!what a lovely girl she is!
【考点诠释】
考点l 祈使句的判定和特点
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。谓语动词用动词原形。其主语是you,往往省略。常见的祈使句句型如下:
1.动词原形…如:
①lay down your arms!放下武器!
②be sure to get there before eight o’clock.一定要在8点前赶到那儿。
2.don’t或never+动词原形...。如:
never go out alone at night!不要在夜晚单独出去!
3.do+动词原形…(此句型表示强调)。如:
do tell her about it.务必将此事告诉她。
4.主语+动词原形…。如:
tom.you go and see what’s happening.汤姆,去看看发生什么事情了。
you,girls,clean the desk;you,boys,sweep the floor.你们,女生擦桌子。你们,男生,打扫地板。
5.祈使句+and/or+陈述句 (and表示顺承关系,or表示转折
关系)。如:
①use your head,and you’11 find a good way.(=if you use your head,you’11 find a good way.)动动脑筋,你会找到一种好办法的。
②hurry up,or we’11 be late.(=if we don’t hurry up,we’11 be late.)快点,不然我们就迟到了。
6.be so kind/good as+不定式…(此句型用来表达客气的请求,so kind/good as相当于kind/good enough)。如:be kind enough to lend me your dictionary.请把你的字典借给我吧。
考点2 反意疑问句
1.基本结构
如陈述部分为肯定形式,简短问句为否定形式;如陈述部分为否定形式,简短问句为肯定形式。如:
①it is a fine day,isn’t it?今天是个好天气,不是吗?
②he isn’t a teacher,is he?他不是老师,对吗?
特别提示
前半部分为否定形式的反意疑问句的答语与汉语不同。如:一tom doesn’t know it.does he?汤姆不知道这事,对吧? 一no.he doesn’t./yes,he does.对,他不知道。/不,他知道。
2.陈述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing…”等否定词或半否定词时,这部分应视为否定形式,简短问句就用肯定形式。如:
he was hardly twelve then,was he?他当时几乎不到十二岁,是吗?
3.陈述部分含有带”否定”前缀的词,则这部分应看做肯定形式,简短问句就用否定形式。如:
she dislikes the way you work,doesn’t she?她不喜欢你的工作方式,对吗?
4.祈使句的反意疑问句
肯定的祈使句,简短问句用will you/won’t you;否定的祈使句,简短问句用will you。如:
have a little more coffee.will you/won’t you?再来点咖啡,好吗?
5.陈述部分含有must表推测时的反意疑问句共7页,当前第2页1234567
陈述部分中的must表”一定,想必”等推测意义时,要根据陈述句部分的真实结构,在简短问句中采用与其相符合的助动词形式。
(1)对现在的推测:you must be hungry now,aren’t you?你此刻一定很饿,对吧?=i’m sure you’re hungry now,aren’t you?
(2)对现在进行时的推测:he must be watching tv now,isn’t he?他现在一定在看电视,对吗?:i’m sure he is watching tv now,isn’t he?
(3)对现在完成时的推测:tom must have lived here for a long time.hasn’t he?tom一定在这儿生活了很久,对吗?=i’m sure tom has lived here for a long time,hasn’t he?
(4)对过去的推测:she must have arrived yesterday,didn’t she?她昨天一定来了,对吗?=i’m sure she arrived yesterday,didn’t she?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语yesterday)
6.陈述部分的主语为this/that/everything等时,简短问句的主语用it。如:
everything is all right,isn’t it?一切准备就绪,是吗?
7.陈述部分的主语为everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody/nobody/no one/someone等时,简短问句的主语用he,口语中也用they。如:
everyone knows the answer,doesn’t he/don’t they?每个人都知道这个答案,对吗?
8.如陈述部分的谓语动词是wish,则简短问句用可提前的情态动词may。如:
1 wish to call on you tonight,may i?我今晚想去拜访你,可以吗?
9.陈述部分是there be句型时,简短问句的主语用there。如:
there used to be a village near the mountain,usedn’t there?山的旁边曾经有一个山村,是吗?
10.在复合句的反意疑问句中,简短问句的主谓语须与主句的
主谓语保持一致。如:
it is the first time that you have come here,isn’t it?你是第一次来这儿,对吗7
特别提示
如果陈述部分是i/we don’t think/believe/suppose/imagine+宾语从句,则简短问句的主语要与宾语从句的主语保持一致。如:
i don’t think he is forty,is he?我认为他没有四十岁,是吗?
考点3感叹句
感叹句常表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪。感叹句常有以下几种情形:
1.what式感叹句
(1)what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
what a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我们玩得多开心呀!
(2)what+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!如:
what beautiful flowers they are!多美的花儿啊!
(3)what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
what fine weather it is!多好的天气啊!
2.how式感叹句
(1)how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:
how clever she is!她多么聪明呀!
(2)how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
how strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一种感情啊!
3.省略式感叹句
(1)how直接修饰谓语动词:how+主语+谓语!如:
how we love our motherland!我们是多么热爱自己的祖国啊!
(2)省略主语和谓语。如:
what an interesting book!多有趣的一本书啊!
4.特殊式感叹句
①the design and the colours!多美的图案和色彩!
②to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁!
【高考链接】
1、sally's never seen a play in the shanghai grand theatre,______? 共7页,当前第3页1234567
a.hasn't she b.has she
c.isn't she d.is she
2、he must be helping the old man to water the flowers,______?
a.is he b.isn't he
c.must he d.mustn't he
【答案与解析】b
3、please do me a favor—______ my friend mr.smith to youth theater at 7:30 tonight.
a.to invite b.inviting c.invite d.invited
【答案与解析】c
考查祈使句。分析句意“请邀请我的朋友……”可知有表示“请求”之含义,故选择动词原形表祈使语气。
4、 you and i could hardly work together,______?
a.could you b.couldn't i
c.couldn't we d.could we
【答案与解析】d
考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构为“陈述句+简略问句”,由前面有hardly,后面的简略形式是应肯定的,排除b、c两项。再根据句子的主语是you and i,故选择d项。
5、______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
a.it has b.they have
c.it remains d.there remains
【答案与解析】d
考查句式。此处实际上是there be句型,用remain代替动词be,句子的主语为 a certain doubt。句意:人们当中对于这个计划的实际价值还存有疑问。
6、it's the first time that he has been to australia,______?
a.isn't he b.hasn't he
c.isn't it d.hasn't it
【答案与解析】c
考查反意疑问句。陈述部分是肯定陈述句,而且主语是it,所以反问部分应为isn't it。
7、when i called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. where__________?
a. did you go b. have you gone
c. were you d. had you been
【答案与解析】c
根据所提供的情景“when i called you this morning,nobody answered the phone.”可判断出要用一般过去时,表示“当我给你打电话时你在哪儿?”。共7页,当前第4页1234567
8、—have you heard the latest news? —no, what ________?
a. is it b. is there c. are they d. are those
9、the little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was!
a. what a dangerous scene b. what dangerous a scene
c. how a dangerous scene d. how dangerous the scene
【答案与解析】a
感叹句通常有what,how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what后接名词,how后接形容词或副词构成感叹句。 scene是名词,所以what a dangerous scene it was!是正确的形式。
10、sally's never seen a play in the shanghai grand theatre,______?
a.hasn't she b.has she
c.isn't she d.is she
【答案与解析】b
考查反意疑问句。陈述部分sally's never seen是sally has never seen的缩略形式,而never是表示否定意义的副词,因此附加部分应用has。句意:sally从未在上海大剧院看过戏,是吗?
11、he must be helping the old man to water the flowers,______?
a.is he b.isn't he
c.must he d.mustn't he
【答案与解析】b
12、please do me a favor—______ my friend mr.smith to youth theater at 7:30 tonight.
a.to invite b.inviting c.invite d.invited
【答案与解析】c
考查祈使句。分析句意“请邀请我的朋友……”可知有表示“请求”之含义,故选择动词原形表祈使语气。
13、 you and i could hardly work together,______?
a.could you b.couldn't i
c.couldn't we d.could we
【答案与解析】d
考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构为“陈述句+简略问句”,由前面有hardly,后面的简略形式是应肯定的,排除b、c两项。再根据句子的主语是you and i,故选择d项。
14、______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
a.it has b.they have
c.it remains d.there remains
【答案与解析】d共7页,当前第5页1234567
考查句式。此处实际上是there be句型,用remain代替动词be,句子的主语为 a certain doubt。句意:人们当中对于这个计划的实际价值还存有疑问。
15、it's the first time that he has been to australia,______?
a.isn't he b.hasn't he
c.isn't it d.hasn't it
【答案与解析】c
考查反意疑问句。陈述部分是肯定陈述句,而且主语是it,所以反问部分应为isn't it。
16、29.i’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,_______?
a.hadn’t you b.wouldn’t you c.aren’t i d.didn’t she
17、21. -- andrew won't like it, you know.
-- ? i don't care what andrew thinks!
a. so what b. so where c. so why d. so how
【答案与解析】 a
本题需要根据答句的后半部分“i don’t care what andrew thinks.”(我不在乎andrew怎么想),所以前面部分应该表示andrew怎么想都无所谓。所以选so what,是“那又怎么样、无所谓”的意思。
18、when you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,__________ ?
a. do you
b. don’t you
c. will you
d. won’t you
【答案与解析】c
don’t forget to put it back on the shelf是祈使句。祈使句的反意疑问句有两种形式,如果祈使句中含有let’s,要用shall we,否则用will you。
19、-________you _________him around the museum yet?
-yes. we had a great time there.
a.have;shown b.do;show c.had;shown d.did;show
【答案与解析】a
根据时间状语yet可判断出要用现在完成时,表示已经完成的动作,故选a项。一般现在时表示经常性的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即“过去的过去”。一般过去时用于表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态或在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。共7页,当前第6页1234567
20、 ---have you heard the latest news?
---no, what ________?
a. is it b. is there c. are they d. are those
共7页,当前第7页1234567