XX届英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版]专题04形容词与副词【备考策略】一。形容词的比较级和最高级的使用说明 例词 一般情况加er,estsmaller,smallest 以e结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词,加词尾er,est以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词改y为i,再加er,estbusier,busiest 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母,加er,estfatter,fattest 以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er,estnarrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词加moremost morebeautiful, mostimportant (1)副词的比较级和最高级
1.大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。
2.少数单音节副词,加er,est构成其比较级和最高级。
几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder,elderoldest,eldest (2)比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as原形as (as原形+名词as)thetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train. hehasnotasmuchmoneyashisfriend.不及notas(so)原形as (notas[so]+名词+原形as)sheisnotas(so)beautifulashersister. 比较级+thanhealthismoreimportantthanwealth.超越the+比较级+ofthetwo 两者中较…的一个heisthetallerofthetwo.用于否定no+比较级+than 和…一样不heisnoricherthani. 他和我一样不富有。用于否定最…不过hisworkcouldn'tbeworse. 他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增erander,moreandmore+多音节词原级(越来越…)higherandhighermoreandmoreimportant两种情况同时变化the+比较级,the+比较级 (越…,越…)thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave.三者或三者以上比较the+最高级+of/in+比较范围 (…之中最…)ofallthingsintheworld,peoplearetheprecious. (3)比较级结构的修饰语
1.用于原级之前:
almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,half,twice,threetimes,athird,etc.
johnisalmostastallasyou.
theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.
wehaveathirdasmanystudentsaswehadlastterm.
2.用于比较级前
many,afew(用于"more+可数名词"前)
ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.
alot,much,abit,even,alittle,still,agreatdeal,far,rather,twoyears,tenpercent,threetimesetc.
it'scoldthisyear,butit'sevencolderlastyear.
weproduced6%moregrainthisyearthanwedidlastyear.
3.用于形容词和最高级前
thevery,muchthe,byfarthe,thefirst/second
共13页,当前第1页12345678910111213thishatisbyfarthelargestintheworld.goldistheverymostvaluableofallmaterials.二、位置与功能高考重点要求1.掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法2.掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。3.注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。4.分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。 1.定语。在名词前做定语,为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词(含其它起形容词作用的词)做前置定语的顺序。"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即:限(冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等)观(描绘)形(大小、形状等)龄(年龄、新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍、出处等)材(材料、功用等)aninterestingenglishfilmaheavyblackchinesesilkumbrella做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no,any,some,every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2.表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有:be变化系词:become,get,turn,grow,go保持系词:keep,remain,stay感观系词:look,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,proveetc.3.形容词作状语,表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。hewenttobed,coldandhungry.4.做宾补。n:①某些以a开始的形容词只做表语,不做定语。afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well,illfaint③某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,orderly等。④复合形容词的形式问题。an800-meter-wideriveranenglish-speakingcountryamiddle-agedman副词位置1)时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现,则地点副词在前。theywentboatinginzhongshanparkyesterday.2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点always,seldom,often,never,rarely,usually等,通常放于行为动词之前,be词、情态动词和助动词之后。heisalwaystellinglies,soiwillneverbelievehim.3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前(但enough除外)heisveryyoung,soheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.n:有些副词有两种形式,一个与形容词同形,一个以ly结尾,但它们的含义是不同的。closely-closenearly-nearfreely-freedeeply-deephighly-highwidely-wide等。以ly结尾的词表较为抽象的含义,而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。heishighlypraisedforwhathehasdone.(高度地)hecanseeabirdisflyinghighinthesky.(飞得高,具有可见性)考点解析考点一、倍数表达法表示倍数的句型:(1)ais+倍数+比较级+than+b(2)ais+倍数+as+原级+as+b(3)ais+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+b(4)ais+倍数+that+of+b(5)ais+倍数+what引导的名词性从句①thisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.thisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.thisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。②theoutputofthisyearis3timesthatofXX.=theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasinXX2.今年的产量是XX年的三倍。③afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtwiceasmanycarsinXXastheyearbefore.自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂XX年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。1.whenyoustudythelocalmap,you’llfindthistownis________.a.twicethesizeofthatoneb.twiceasalargetownasthatc.twiceaslargerasthatoned.twiceaslargeratownasthat解析:句意为:当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式:ais+倍数+the+名词(如size/length)+ofb;b项中不定冠词位置错误;c、d项中as后应用形容词原级。答案:a2.peter’sjacketlookedjustthesameasjack’s,butitcost________his.a.asmuchtwiceasb.twiceasmuchasc.muchastwiceasd.astwicemuchas解析:倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较,表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。答案:b3.myuncle’shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice________expensive.a.as b.soc.too d.very解析:考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是“twice”,由expensive这一原级可知,这里使用了“as...as...”这一比较结构,在具体的语境中,后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略,即这里expensive后面省略了asours。答案:a考点二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级共13页,当前第2页123456789101112131.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“notas/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。theworkisnotas/sodifficultasyouimagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。3.“the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4.a+形容词比较级+n.……aftertwoyears’research,wehaveafarbetterunderstandingofthedisease.研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。wewenttotheusainsearchofabetterlife.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit等。thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们学习比以前更努力了。acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。6.最高级(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike。thebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheyellowriver.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。i’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。—areyousatisfiedwithwhathesaidatthemeeting?——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?—no.itcouldn’thavebeenworse.——不,不能再差了。1.believeitornot,swimmingis________asanytoloseunwantedweight.a.awayasgood b.asagoodwayc.asawaygood d.asgoodaway 解析:考查固定短语。as...as表示“和……一样”,固定表达方式有“as+adj./adv.+as”“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as”等。答案:d2.—doyouthinkthatthe11thchinesenationalgameswereasuccess?—yes,________!itcouldn’tbe________.a.relatively;better b.approximately;worsec.absolutely;better d.fortunately;worse解析:本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively相对地,比较地;approximately大约;absolutely当然是,绝对正确;fortunately幸运地。根据语境知,第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会,没有比它更好的了,故c项正确。共13页,当前第3页12345678910111213答案:c3.ofthetwocameras,iwouldprefer________one,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.a.asmaller b.thesmallestc.asmall d.thesmaller解析:考查形容词比较级。由ofthetwocameras可知,总共有两台相机,其中“小的那台”,应该用比较级smaller,同时又是“确指”的概念,所以用thesmaller,选d项。答案:d考点三、形容词、副词的基本用法1.形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表达动作的方式。afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.经过长时间旅行后,他们三个回到家,又饿又累。2.有些副词还可以作连词,作副词时常放在句末。如:though,(ever)since,incase等heisold.heworkshard,though.=thoughheisold,heworkshard.虽然他年事已高,但他工作还是很努力。3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等fortunately,hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythepla.幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军给救了。happilyforher,herstepmotherwaskindtoher.高兴的是,她的继母对她很好。4.cannot/never与enough或too连用表示:无论怎样都不过分;越……越好。—iwasridingaloneinthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车,突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。—youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.——在大街上你越仔细越好。1.________,sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshineto peoplethroughhersmile.a.shyandcautious b.sensitiveandthoughtfulc.honestandconfident d.lightheartedandoptimistic解析:句意为:她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shyandcautious害羞的、小心的;sensitiveandthoughtful敏感的、多思的;honestandconfident诚实的、自信的。答案:d2.jimwenttoanswerthephone.________,harrystartedtopreparelunch.a.however b.neverthelessc.besides d.meanwhile解析:句意为:jim去接电话了。与此同时,harry开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。a.然而;b.虽然如此;c.除此之外;d.与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系,应选择表示并列关系的d。答案:d3.weonlyhad$100andthatwas________tobuyanewcomputer.a.nowherenearenough b.nearenoughnowherec.enoughnearnowhere d.nearnowhereenough解析:句意为:我们只有100美元,离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰词顺序。notanywherenear或nowherenear:farfrom,notatall远非,绝不是,为固定短语。共13页,当前第4页12345678910111213答案:a4.whenitwashisturntodeliverhisspeech,________,hewalkedtowardsthemicrophone.a.nervouslyandembarrassingly b.nervousandembarrassedlyc.nervouslyandembarrassing d.nervousandembarrassed解析:该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语,但也可作状语。如:helayinbed,awake.再如:herhusbandcameback,drunk.答案:d 五年高考 a组 XX年全国高考题组1.【XX浙江卷】10.__theresearchlacks evidence,andtherefore,itsconclusionsaredoubtful.a.solid b.fierce c.severe d.potential【考点】形容词词义辨析
【答案】a
【解析】根据句意:研究缺乏实证(solidevidence),因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的;severe严重的;potential,有潜力的,均不符合语境,故排除。2.【XX湖北卷】26.“perhapsweneedtosendfordr.smithtoseewhatwecandoaboutit,”fathersuggested________tohisneighborwhohadcometodiscusstheproblem. a.tentatively b.thoughtlessly c.definitely d.rudely【答案】a【考点】考查副词辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为:“看来我们要请史密斯先生来看看我们对此如何处理”,父亲对到此讨论此问题的邻居试探性地说。a项“试探性地”,符合语境。b项意为“欠考虑地”,c项意为“明确地”,d项意为“粗鲁地”,都与语境不符。3.【XX山东卷】33.be_______—youcan’texpectmetofinishallthisworkinsolittletime.
a.reasonable b.confident c.creative d.gratefulwww.zxxk.com共13页,当前第5页12345678910111213【答案】a【解析】此处confident信心;creative有创造力的;grateful感激的;reasonable有道理的。句意:要讲道理,你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。【考点】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。4.【XX全国新课程】26.theresultisnotveryimportanttous,butifwedowin,thensomuch_______.a.thebest b.bestc.better d.thebetterwww.zxxk.com【答案】d
【解析】此处somuch修饰名词,所以用thebetter的形式。句意:这结果对我们来说不很重要,但如果我们真的赢了,那就太好了。【考点】考查形容词、副词的比较等级的用法。5.【XX安徽卷】23.interestisas tolearningastheabilitytounderstand,evenmoreso. a. vital b.available c.specific d.similarwww.zxxk.com【答案】a【解析】bevitalto表示:对.....极端重要;somethingbeavailabletosomebody表示:某人可以得到某物,列句:cooperativemedicalserviceisavailabletoallthemembersofthethecommune.c答案specific不能与to搭配;d答案similarto表示:与.....相似。本题可以把定于tounderstand省掉,也可以把后面的evenmoreso省掉或还原。interestisas tolearningastheability这样可以确定b是错误的,d更是错误的。interestisevenmore thantheabilitytounderstand.很佩服出卷人!原句: interestisvitaltolearning互联网对于学习极端重要。变化之一:interestisas vitaltolearningastheabilitytounderstand互联网对于学习极端重要,就像理解能力对于学习极端重要一样,互联网甚至比理解能力更加重要。【考点】考查形容词。
6.【XX湖南】24.bicyclingisgoodexercise;____,itdoesnotpollutetheair.
a.nevertheless b.besides c.otherwise d.therefore
【答案】b
【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。www.zxxk.com【解析】根据句意:“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式,而且又不会造成大气污染”故选b(besides而且,加之,除此以外)。词汇副词besides共13页,当前第6页123456789101112137.【XX辽宁卷】22. weusedtoseeeachother ,butihaven’theadfromhimsincelastyear.a.especially b.regularly c.particularly d.approximately【考点】副词词义辨析
【答案】b
【解析】a项意为“尤其;特别”;b项意为“定期地,经常地”;c项意为“特别,尤其”;d项意为“近似地,大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面,但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。8.【XX四川卷】7.thehotelisalmostfinished,butit_____needsoneortwoweekstogetreadyforguests.a.only b.also c.even d.stillwww.zxxk.com【答案】d 【考点】本题考查副词用法【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了,但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still(仍然,还)。b组 XX-XX年全国高考题组1.【XX浙江卷,9】theprofessorcouldtellbythe ___________lookinmaria’seyesthatshedidn'tunderstandasinglewordofhislecturea.cold b.blank c.innocent d.fresh【答案】b【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“根据maria茫然的眼神,这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听懂。”cold冰冷的;blank空虚的,茫然的;innocent无辜的;fresh新鲜的。根据后面didn'tunderstand,选b。2.【XX浙江卷,13】i’vebeenwritingthisreport____forthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomorrow.a.finally b.immediately c.occasionally d.certainly【答案】c【考点】考查副词的辨义。【解析】句意为“在过去的两周里,我是时续时断地写这个报告,可是这个报告明天就得交了。”finally最终地;immediately立即,马上;occasionally偶尔地;certainly肯定地。根据butithastobehandedintomorrow句意,选c。3.【XX浙江卷,16】myscheduleisvery______rightnow,buti’lltrytofityouin.a.tight b.short c.regular d.flexible【答案】a【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“现在,我的计划很紧凑,但我会尽力把你安排进去。”tight (安排)紧凑的,紧密的;short简短的,短缺的, 不够;regular有规律的,定期的,符合规定的;flexible柔韧的,灵活的,可变通的。4.【XX四川卷,12】——howareyourrecenttriptosichuan? ——i’veneverhad onebefore.共13页,当前第7页12345678910111213a.apleasant b.amorepleasant c.amostpleasant d.themostpleasant【答案】b【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。【解析】句意为“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样?——从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与amorepleasant连用,表示“非常愉快”,等于最高级。themostpleasant是特指,需要有比较的范围,但是这个范围并不存在。因此选b。5.【XX陕西卷,17】thenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextasiangameswillbe thepresentone。a.asthreetimesbigas b.threetimesasbigasc.asbigasthreetimes d.asbigthreetimesas【答案】b【考点】考查倍数的表达法。【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时,放在as的前面,即“倍数+as+adj+as”,因此选b。6.【XX湖北卷,23】theoldengineer’seyesstillshonebrightinthewrinkledbrownfaceandhisstepashecameacrosstheroomwas________,thoughslow.a.shaky b.heavy c.casual d.steady【答案】d【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“这位年长的工程师,古铜色的脸上布满皱纹,但目光炯炯。当他走过房间时,步子虽慢但是沉稳。”shaky颤抖的;heavy沉重的;casual漠不关心的,冷淡的;steady稳定的。根据前面的交代,选d。7.【XX湖北卷,24】anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeeffectsonaperson’scharacters;however,theyarenotalways_________,a.practical b.avoidable c.permanent d.beneficial【答案】c【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不幸的童年可能会对人的性格产生一些消极的影响;然而,这些影响不总是持久的。”practical实际的,实用的;avoidable可避免的;permanent永久的,持久的;beneficial有益的。根据语意,选择c。8.【XX湖北卷,25】thestate-runcompanyisrequiredtomakeitsaccountsas_________aspossibleforitsstafftomonitortheuseofmoney.a.transparent b.reasonable c.secure d.formal【答案】a【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“这家国营企业被要求财务尽可能做到透明,以便公司的员工能对金钱的使用加以监督。”transparent透明的;reasonable合理的;secure安全的;formal正式的。根据句意,选a。共13页,当前第8页123456789101112139.【XX浙江卷】ihavebeenconvincedthattheprintmediaareusuallymore andmorereliablethantelevision. a.accurate b.ridiculous c.urgent d.shallow 【答案】awww.zxxk.com【考点】本题考查形容词辨析。【解析】分析四个选项的意思:accurate精确的;ridiculous可笑的,滑稽的;urgent紧急的;shallow浅的,肤浅的。根据句意:我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。10.【XX浙江卷】doyouthinkshoppingonlinewill taketheplaceofshoppinginstores? a.especially b.frequently c.merely d.finally【答案】d【考点】本题考查副词辨析。【解析〗分析四个选项的意思:especially特别,尤其;frequently经常,merely仅仅,finally最终。根据语境:你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗?11.【XX浙江卷】playingonafrozensportsfieldsoundslikealotoffun.isn’titratherrisky,____? a.though b.also c.either d.too【答案】a【考点】本题考查副词辨析。【解析】根据句意:在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险呢?前后两句之前是明显的转折关系,所以选择though。12.【XX上海卷】ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.itwas journey.a.threehour b.athree-hours c.athree-hour d.threehours【答案】c【考点】此题考查复合形容词【解析】数词+连字符+名词的用法,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为“三小时的路程” 三年模拟a组 XX年全国高考模拟题组1.(浙江省杭州十四中XX学年高三三月月考15)theknowledgethatihadcausedhimtolosehisjobmademebitterly______.共13页,当前第9页12345678910111213 a.desperate b.innocent c.ashamed d.immoral2.(浙江省XX届高三六校联考7)----mayicheckinnow? ----sorry,sir!butthere’snotanyroom______inourhotel. a.useful b.convenient c.flexible d.available3.(浙江省XX届重点中学协作体高三第二学期3月调研试题13)itisgenerallybelievedthatasuccessfulolympicgames_____reliesonwell-performeditservices. a.largely b.narrowly c.only d.simply4.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学XX届高三高考模拟7)ourbodiesarestrengthenedbytakingexercise.________,ourmindsaredevelopedbylearning.a.probably b.likely c.similarly d.generally5.(浙江省苍南县树人中学XX届高三第一次月考试题36)shedevotedherself______toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.a.strongly b.freelyc.entirely d.extremely6.(浙江省慈溪中学XX届高三10月月考2)nowadays,thereisa______increaseinchildren’screativity,fortheyaregreatlyencouragedtodeveloptheirtalents.a.sharp b.slight c.natural d.modest共13页,当前第10页123456789101112137.(浙江省慈溪中学XX届高三10月月考16)whenwethinkofcommunication,we_________thinkofusingwords----talkingfacetoface,writingmessages,andsoon. a.shortly b.probably c.practically d.normally8.(XX学年第二学期奉化二中第一次月考试卷36)millionsofyoungpeopleareso________abouttheso-called“singlesday”thatevenwebsitesliketaobaohavespecialsalesonnovember11.a.particular b.positive c.enthusiastic d.cautious9.(嘉兴一中XX学年第二学期摸底考试3)--doyouthinkit'sagoodideatomakefriendswithyourstudents?-- ,ido.ithinkit'sagreatidea.a.especially b.obviously c.actually d.generally10.(嘉兴一中XX学年第二学期摸底考试6)our______resourcesandstablepolicyprovideforeignerswiththeadvantagestheyinvesthere. a.attractive b.abundant c.available d.authentic11.(浙江省宁波四中XX届高三上学期期末考试题5) lifelongmusiciansareless_______toexperienceage-relatedhearingproblemsthannon-musicians,accordingtoanewcanadianstudy. a.possible b.possibly c.probably d.likely12.(浙江省宁波四中XX届高三上学期期末考试题12)china'spopulationofoneandathirdbillioniscurrentlytheworld's_______.indiaissecondat1.2billion. a.largest b.biggest c.greatest d.most 共13页,当前第11页12345678910111213