i.异城风情
who invented the lasting machine?
do you know shoe manufacture today is based upon a remarkable invention developed by a young black genius in 1883?
matzeliger was born in paramaribo, dutch guiana, on september 15, 1852. his father was a dutch engineer who had been sent to the colony to take charge of the government machine shops.
when young matzeliger was ten years old, he joined his father at the machine shops as an apprentice. at the age of nineteen he became a sailor on an east indian merchant ship. in 1876 matzeliger went to boston, massachusetts. after working there for a year, he moved to lynn, where he remained for the rest of his life. because of his knowledge of mechanics and shoemaking, matzeliger was able to get a job in a shoe factory, operating a sole sewing machine. while working there, he noticed that there was no machine that could last shoes. he began his plans for inventing a shoe lasting machine by closely watching hand-lasters at their work. in his experiments he used old pieces of wood and metal. he even made his own tools. patiently he tested one idea after another.
for years he lived in poverty, saving his money for his project. fortunately, he succeeded in getting financial help from two businessmen in exchange for a two-thirds interest in his invention. with this extra money, matzeliger finally achieved what he was after: a lasting machine that could turn out a complete shoe. his machine indeed changed the shoe industry. it not only greatly increased production but cut the cost of shoes by half. by 1889 the demand for the new lasting machine became worldwide.
what was matzeliger's reward? because of his long and hard work and the lack of proper food and warmth during his years of poverty, his health had suffered. in the summer of 1886 he caught a cold which developed into tuberculosis. for three years he was so sick that he had to remain in bed. finally, on august 24, 1889, he died at the age of thirty-seven.
ⅱ.知识归纳
1.seek的用法归纳
(1)“征求,寻求,谋求”。作及物动词。相当于ask for。
e.g.we seek neither fame nor fortune.
我们既不追名,又不求利。
they went to the factory and sought the workers’ opinions.
他们到工厂去征求工人的意见。
they're trying to seek closer trade ties with china.
他们谋求与中国建立更紧密的贸易关系。共7页,当前第1页1234567
(2)ó?óú±??ˉ?á11£?±íê??°êü??ó-?±?£?àμ±óúbe popular?£
e£?g£?these goods were sought by the lo?£ cal peasants£?
?aD?2ú?·êüμ±μ?????μ???ó-?£
the book is sought by the readers£?
?a±?êéoüêü?á????ó-?£
(3)?°?óí?£?ê?í??±£?×÷?a?°???ˉ′ê£??àμ±óú try(oó?ú2??¨ê?)?£
e£?g?£we sought to change his mind£?
?ò??ê?í???±???μ??÷òa?£
they have never sought to hide their views?£
????′óà′2???òt?÷×??oμ?1?μ??£
(4)3£ó?′ê×é
¢ùseek after×·?ó£??óí?μ?à??£
e.g. one mustn?ˉt seek after comfort, personal fame and gains.
?ò??2?ó|μ±ì°í?°2òY£?×·?e??à??£
these pictures were eagerly sought after.
?aD??-oü?àè????è?D??òa£?
¢úseek for?ò?°?£?°?ó
e£?g£?they are seeking for information£?
?????y?ú?°?ò×êá??£
he is seeking for new ways of doing his experiments£?
???y?ú?°?ò??DDê??éμ?D?°ì·¨?£
¢?seek out?òμ??£?òà′
e.g£?he sought out an old worker£?who put forward a good idea£?
???òμ?ò???à?1¤è?£??a??à?1¤è?3?á???o??÷òa?£
they are seeking out a shady spot where they might sit down and rest£?
?????ú?òò??éò?á1μ?o?×???DY?¢£?
2£?promiseμ?ó?·¨1é?é
promiseê?????3£??′ê????ò?£????÷òaó?·¨è???£o
(1)×÷?°′eó|£??ê?μ?±?2?£?a?°???ˉ′ê?£
¢ù?ú??′ê?ò′ú′ê(3£3£?úóD???ó±?ó?) promise sb£?sth£?
e£?g£?he who promised me a present for my birthday£?
??′eó|?í?òò??téúè?à????£
he promised an immediate reply£?
??′eó|á¢?′???′?£
he promises too much means nothing£?
Dí??ì??àμ?è?ê?2?′ò???ò??μ??£
¢ú?ú?ˉ′ê2??¨ê?×÷±?ó?oí±?21£?promise(sb.)to do sth£??£
e.g£?he promised to help me£?
??′eó|°??ò?£
they promised to attend the ceremony£?
????′eó|3??ˉ?a′?ò?ê??£
you must promise me to take a good rest before you come back to work?£
??ò??¨òa′eó|?ò£?òao?o?DY?¢??ìì?ùà′é?°à?£
¢??ú′ó??(óDê±?é?ú???ó±?ó?)?£promise(sb.)that-clause?£
e£?g£?she promises that she will never do that again£?
?y±£?¤£??yò?oó?ù2??a?ù?éá??£
you promised aunt wang that you would step in to see her today£?127ò3£?μ±?°μú2ò31234567
他答应过王阿姨。今天你要顺道到她家看她。
i’ve got to promise you that 1 won’t stop halfway.
我一定向你保证,我不会半途而废。
(2)作“有希望,有可能。表明会有(某情况)”时,为及物动词。
①跟不定式.即promise to do sth.。
e.g.this year promises to be a good one for harvest.
今年看来是个丰收年。
the maths examination promised to be a difficult one.
看来这次数学测试比较难。
②跟名词或代词,即promise sth.。
e.g.the weather promises a good har- vest.
这天气预兆着有好收成。
the clear sky promises fine weather.
明净的天空说明要有好天气。
(3)间或与for连用
e.g.it promises for another fine day tomorrow.
看来明天又是一个好天.
(4)可作不及物动词.当“允诺,答应”有指望。有前途”讲。
e.g.i'll try to come,but i can't promise.
我尽量来.不过我不能说一定来。
the plan promises well.
这个计划很有成功的希望。
(5)promising可用作表语或定语,意思是 “有希望的,有前途的”。
e.g.several o{them have proved promising.
他们中间有几个证明很有培养前途。
in this match more promising players are expected to come to the fore.
这次比赛中,估计会涌现出更多有希望的运动员。
(6)还可作名词,意思为“诺言、约定”,常和一些动词构成固定搭配。
e.g.make a promise许下诺言
give a promise提出诺言
keep a promise信守诺言
carry out a promise履行诺言
break a promise违背诺言
3.动词不定式省略to的情况归纳
提起不定式。我们往往指的是带to的动词不定式,但在实际运用中,不定式有时不带 to。现将动词不定式省略to的情况归纳如下:
(1)当动词不定式作宾语补足语时,即在“v.+o+infinitive”结构中,如动词是使役动词,如make,let,have或动词是感觉动词,如 look at,see,watch, observe,hear, listen to,feel等,不定式不带to。
e.g.did you notice anyone come in?
你注意到有人进来吗?
l felt the floor move.and then h wanted au the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor.
我感觉到地板在动,接着看见桌子上的杯子全掉到了地上。共7页,当前第3页1234567
i must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.
没让你事先知道。很抱歉。
注意:上述动词(let除外)用于被动语态时。不定式必须带to。
e.g.though he had often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his sister.
虽然他常惹小妹哭,今天却被小妹给弄哭了。
(2)在下列结构后接不带to的不定式: had better,would rather,would rather… than,cannot but。can't help but等。
e.g.you'd better tell her the truth.
你最好告诉她实情.
i cannot but agree.
我不得不同意。
i can't help but feel sorry for tom.
我不能不为汤姆感到惋惜。
(3)在“why…”或why not…”表示建议的句型中。
e.g.why not have a try again?
为什么不再试一次呢?
why spend so much money?
为什么花这么多钱呢?
(4)在介词but,except之后。如果其前有实义动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带 to。反之须带to。
e.g. then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
它别无选择,只能躺下睡觉。
the little boy did nothing but cry.
这小男孩只是哭。
there is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
没办法。只好等雨停了。
(5)不定式作表语时,如果解释do的具体内容时,to可以省去。
e.g.the first thing she did was g0 up to her trainer and thank for all her help during the training.
她做的第一件事就是走到教练跟前,感谢她在训练期间给予的帮助。
(6)动词help或help+宾语之后,可用带to的不定式,也可用不带to的不定式,但在help+宾语+不定式结构中,如果用不带 to的不定式.表示主语参与了不定式所表示的动作‘如果用带to的不定式,表示主语没有参与不定式所表示的动作。
e.g. will you help me(to)repair this bike?
请你帮我修修这辆车子好吗?
ⅲ.词语辨析
1.match,suit,fit
这三个词都可表示“适合,配得上”,但用法上仍有差别。
(1)match指“相配。配得上”,指人或物在品质、颜色、设计等方面相当或相配。
e.g.the carpets should match the currains.
地毯该和窗帘相配。
she was wearing a brown dress with hat and gloves to match。
她穿着一件棕色的衣服,并有帽子和手套相配。 .共7页,当前第4页1234567
(2)suit常用于指“适合、中意。合适、恰当”,多指符合需要、口味、性格;条件等。尤其用来指衣着的式样、颜色或发式与人相配。
e.g. it doesn't suit you to have your hair cut.
你不适合剪短发。
does the coat suit me?
这上衣我穿起来好看吗?
a good teacher should suit his lessons to the age of his pupils.
好老师授课应力求适合学生的年龄.
(3)fit是一个日常用语.多用来指“大小、形状、位置等适合”及服装合身.
e.g.these shoes don't fit me—have you got a larger size?
这鞋我穿着不合适一一你们有大点的吗?
7his cap fits him well.
这顶帽子很适合他。
2.all the time.at all times.at times,at one time, at a time
以上这些短语都在句中作时间状语,而且位置比较灵活。其中all the time和at all times这两个短语在表示“一直”“总是”的意思时,可以通用。
(1)all the time(=all the while)意为“一直”始终”老是”。
e.g.he is a teacher all the time.
他一直当教师。
i looked everywhere for the key。but it was in my pocket all the time.
我到处找那把钥匙。却不知它一直在我口袋里。
(2)at an times(=always)意为“一直。总是”,或(=at any time)意为“无论何时”。
e.g.the old woman murmured to herself at au time.
这位老太太总是喃喃自语。
we should at all times work hard.
任何时候我们都应该努力工作。
(3)at times(=sometimes)意为“有时,偶尔”。
e.g.they have a pie for dinner at times.
有时他们晚餐吃馅饼。
the tide is.at times.very high.
潮水有时涨得很高。
(4)at one time(=once)意为“从前。曾经”。
e.g.they were good friends at one time,but aren't now.
他们曾经是好朋友。但现在不是了。
at one time i used to go climbing.
过去有一段时间我常去爬山。
(5)at a time(=each time)意为“一次,每次”.
e.g.please give me one book at a time。
请一次给我一本书。
he asked them to come to。his office one at a time.
他要他们到他的办公室去,每次一人。
3.in order to,so as to,so…as to…
(1)in order to和so as to均表示“以便,为了”。有时可以换用,但so as to一般不能置于句首.而in order to则可以.它们的否定形式分别是so as not to。io order not to。共7页,当前第5页1234567
e.g. i got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.
为了赶上早班车,我起床很早。
in order to make a living,he had to work day and night.
为了谋生,他不得不日夜工作.
(2)so+adj/adv.+as to…的意思是“如此……以至于……”,可引出表示结果的状语.
e.g. he ran so fast as to get a pain in his side.
=he rap.so fast that he got a pain in his side.
他跑得太快,结果导致腹侧疼痛。
ⅳ.能力训练
1.句型转换(每空填一个词)
(1)he insisted that i should do the job in place of her.
he insisted the job her
答案;on my doing;instead of
(2)it is impossible that the boy can lift such a heavy box.
it is impossible such as heavy box.
答案:for the boy to lift
(3)he went to the hall early in order that he might get s good seat.
he went to the hall early get a good seat.
答案:in order to
(4) i found the lesson was difficult to understand。
i found the lesson .
答案:difficult to understand
(5)the boss made the workers work au night.
the workers were an night。
答案:made to work
2.用动词的适当形式填空
(1) i can't but (ask) (give)another chance.
(2) betty didn't expect (treat) like that.共7页,当前第6页1234567
(3) he failed (buy)a film ticket£?
(4) i expect (finish)the work by the end o{this month£?
(5) missing the bus means£? (walk) home i mean (start)off erldy£?
(6) the clothes want (wash).i want (wash)them myself£?
(7) i am sorry (give)you so much trouble£?
′e°?£o(1)ask£?to be given (2)to be treated (3)to buy (4)to finish (5)walking£?to start (6)washing£ˉto be washed£?to wash (7)to have given127ò3£?μ±?°μú7ò31234567