预习与检测一.翻译下列词组: 1. break the tradition____ (打破传统 ) 2. beyond one's power____________ (超出某人的能力,某人不能胜任) 3. in celebration of sth ____________ (为庆祝某事) 4. in the darkness_____________ (在黑暗中) 5. burn down____________ (烧掉,烧毁) 6. take part in_________ (参加) 7.捉弄某人 _____________ (play a trick on sb.)8.依赖,依靠___________ (depend on /rely on)9. 从...中救出_________ (save... from...)10.驱赶,赶走________(drive away)
知识探究 一.重点单词1.include v.包含,包括 six students have been to japan, including me. 六个学生曾去过日本,包括我。拓展:(1)contain 指作为组成部分被包含在内,是内容物的包括。the drink contains alcohol. 这种饮料里含有酒精。 (2)include指作为整体的一部分包括进去,是范围的包括。 his duty includes answering phones. 他的责任包括接电话。(3) including +名词/代词 意思为 “包括...在内”。 (4) 名词/代词+ included 意思为 “...被包括在内”。 运用:选择填空 (1)five students, ____tom, passed the exam the other day. a. included b. including c. contain d. contained 答案:b including +名词/代词 意思为 “包括...在内”, 名词/代词+ included 意思为 “...被包括在内”。tom included 也对。 (2) the boss has______ the broken cup in your bill. a. including b. included c. contained d. containing 答案:b include指作为整体的一部分包括进去,是范围的包括。2.journey n.旅行拓展:trip , tour, travel与journey的区别 journey主要指路地长途旅行, trip常指短距离的旅行,远足。 tour常指观光、考察等的环游旅行,travel指短距离或国外旅行运用:选择填空 he likes __ to france.共6页,当前第1页123456a. journey b. traveling c. tour d. trip 答案:b like to do/doing sth 3. power n. 1) 权,政权;权力;势力 (+over) 2) 职权;权限[c][u][+to-v]the president has the power to vote down bills.总统有权否决议案。3) 能力,本领 (+of) she lost her power of speech.她失去了说话的能力。4)力;动力,电力 the shortage of power dimmed the streets.由于电力不足,街道昏暗。5) (有时大写)有权力的人;有影响的机构;强国,大国 the world powers will meet in paris this summer.今夏世界上的大国将在巴黎聚会。拓展:powerful adj. 有影响力的,权力大的 powerfully adv.有权势地(1) come into power 上台、执政(强调动作) (2) the power to do sth =the power of doing sth 做……的能力 类似用法的词还有way, chance等。 (3) out of/beyond one's power 某人不能胜任的;能力所不及 (4) in power 执政,当权(强调状态) (5) have power over sb. 能支配某人运用:选择填空 when hitler came into___, he found the doors of the study closed to him. a. light b. power c. office d. being 答案:b come into power 上台、执政。4.accept v.接受、应允、收受 答应拓展:accept强调自愿主动地接受,receive强调被动接受 或收到accept作及物动词,还表示承认,相信 ,接纳。mary received a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't accept it.i can't accept my new boss.运用:选择填空 he did____ the gift, but he didn’t____ it. a. accept; receive b. receive; accept c. accepted; receive. d. receive; accepted 答案: d accept强调自愿主动地接受,receive强调被动接受 或收到。5.decorate vt装饰;布置he decorated the room with flowers. 他用鲜花装饰了那间房子。拓展:(1)decorate sth with sth 用某物装点某物 (2)decoration n 装潢,装饰品 运用: 翻译 他为了给我装修房间买了许多装饰品给我。 答案: he bought me a lot of decorations to decorate my rooms.6.darkness 黑暗the whole country was in thick darkness when the war broke out.当战争爆发时,整个国家都笼罩在深深的黑暗中。拓展:darkness与dark的区别,darkness常指一时的黑暗。dark表示经常的黑暗或长时间的黑暗,用时需加the。keep sb in the dark 为某人保密keep sth in the dark 暗中做事运用:选择填空 lt was ________before we got there. a. lights b. moon c. bright d. dark答案: d dark表示经常的黑暗或长时间的黑暗。7. occasion n.共6页,当前第2页1234561) 场合,时刻;重大活动,盛典[c]2) 时机,机会 i seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.我抓住机会邀请她回家里吃饭。3)起因,近因 (+of) his departure was the occasion of much sadness.他的离别是令人十分悲伤的起因。4) 理由;需要[u] (+for/+to-v)he has no occasion to buy another bike.他没有必要再买一辆自行车。拓展:occasion vt. 引起;惹起 li ming rude behavior occasioned a quarrel.李明的粗鲁行为引起了一场争吵。与occasion搭配的相关词组: by occasion of 由于,因为; on occasion(s) 偶尔,间或,有时; on the occasion of 在…之际; on this occasion 这一次 on one occasion 曾经,有一个时候运用:完成句子(1) 由于粗心她没有通过考试。he failed the exam ____ occasion ___ his carelessness.答案: by; of (2) 你没有理由卖掉这房子。you have no occasion ___ ___ the house.答案:to; sell8. contribute v.拓展:(1)捐献,贡献,增加the terrible weather contributed to our difficulty .恶劣的天气增加人们的困难。(2)向……投稿li lei often contributes to the magazine. 李雷经常给杂志投稿。(3)contribution n.贡献,常用词组 make a contribution /contributions to 为……做贡献they made great contributions to their motherland.他为他的祖国作出了很大的贡献。运用:选择填空 the rich man _________much money ___his hometown. a.contributed; to b.contribute; to c.contibuted to; to d.contributes to; on 答案:a contribute ...to... 有“捐献,贡献,增加,向……投稿”之意。9. destroy vt.1) 毁坏,破坏a fire destroyed the house.一场火毁坏了那座房屋。2) 杀死,消灭3)打破(希望、计划);使失败what she said destroyed his last hope.她说的话摧毁了他最后的希望。拓展:damage ,ruin ,destroy 的hurt区别 (1)damage,destroy,ruin主要用于无生命的事物, 而hurt主要用于有生命的人或动物。(2)damage 通常表示事物的价值或功能部分受损。如: the ship was damaged in the bottom. 那条船的底部被损坏。(3)destroy,ruin均表示事物全部被毁。如: they destroy all of the two enemy warships 他们把2艘敌舰全部歼灭。 (4)hurt 有适用范围较广,可指人或动物因各种原因导致的疼痛或损伤。如: children are liable to get hurt when they play. 孩子们在玩耍时易受伤。运用:翻译下列句子(1)in crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness.(george bernard shaw) 答案: 在人口拥挤的地方,贫困使清洁毫无可能。(乔治•伯纳德•肖) (2)too much money destroys as surely as too little.(john simon) 答案:过多的钱和过少的钱一样会带来破坏作用。(约翰•西蒙) (3)the floods did a lot of damage to the crops. 答案:洪水使庄稼受到了很大损失。10. serve vt.1) 为...服务;为...服役共6页,当前第3页123456 serve the people 为人民服务2) 供应 (+with) 3) 侍候(顾客等);供应(饭菜);端上 (+to/with) the girl served me a cup of coffee.那女孩给我端上一杯咖啡。4)任(职);服(刑);当(学徒) (+as/for/in) she served two years in prison.他坐过八年牢。5)适合(特定用途或目的);对...有用;供...使用[+to-v]my old bike serves me very well.我那辆旧自行车对我很有用。 拓展: serve vi.1)服务;服役;供职;帮佣 (+in/on/under) his father served in the navy during the firstworld war.他的父亲在第一次世界大战期间在海军服役。2)招待,侍候;上酒,端菜ann is serving at the table.安在侍候进餐。3)适用;有用;足够 (+for/as/+to-v)a simple example will serve to prove my point.一个简单的例子可以证明我的这一点。 运用:翻译下列句子(1)必须教育孩子长大后为国家服务。答案:children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.(2)他的父亲坐过几年牢。答案:his father served several years as a prisoner.11. sticky adj.粘的;涂有粘胶物质的;泥泞的my son’s fingers are sticky with jam.他的手沾了酱,粘糊糊的。拓展:sticky 当形容词还有:1)(口)湿热的the climate there is sticky.那里的气候湿热。2)(口)棘手的,麻烦的the man put her a sticky position.那个男的将她置于一个困难的境地。3) (口)过于多情的,易感伤的4) 不灵活的,易卡住的5) sticky finger可以原来形容爱小偷小摸的人 tom has sticky fingers运用:翻译下列句子那位爱小偷小摸的人非常喜欢吃糯米,因为他喜欢吃粘性食物。 答案:the man who has sticky fingers likes sticky rice, because he likes sticky food.二.重点词组 1.drive away 赶走、驱赶 he drove the dog away. 他赶走了那条狗。
drive vt.
1) 驾驶(汽车等)
i don't know how to drive a car.
我不会开车。
2) 用车送(人)
i'll drive you to the airport.
我将会开车送你去机场。
3) 驱赶,赶走
he drove the sheep down the hill.
他把羊群往山下赶。
4)驱动(机器)
the machine is driven by electricity.
这机器用电力驱动。
5) 迫使;逼迫
they drove her to admit it.
他们逼迫她承认。拓展:(1) drive off 驱逐,击退 we drove off the enemies.我们击退了敌人。 (2) drive sb mad 把某人逼疯了 don't drive me mad. 别把我逼疯了。运用:选择填空 the difficulty___ her mad. a. makes b. drove c. lets d. goes 答案:b drive sb mad 意思是“ 把某人逼疯了”。2.take part in 参与,参加 many students take part in our sports meeting every year. 每年都有许多学生参加运动会。拓展:take part in,join in 与 join的区别: (1) take part in意为“参加”,指参加群众性的活动,侧重于成为活动的主体,共6页,当前第4页123456 有时可以与join in互换,但表示“参加会议”时多用take part in,take part in 后面不 带宾语时则不用in。(2) join in 意为“加入”,“参与某种活动”,后接名词或动词-ing形式,join sb in (doing)sth意为“参加某人的活动”,join in多指参加正在进行的活动,也可单独使用,即 join sb。 (3) join 指加入某一个团队或组织而成为其中的一员。运用:选择填空 will you___us ___her birthday? a.join; in celebrating b. join in; celebrating c. take part in; celebrating d. join; to celebrate 答案:a join sb in (doing)sth意为“参加某人的活动”。3.put out v.扑灭 please put out fire. 请把火扑灭。
put out 还有以下几种意思:
1) 伸出
it's dangerous to put out your hand now.
现在你把手伸出去是危险的。
2) 熄灭
put out the fire before going to bed.
睡觉之前先熄掉炉火。
3) 出版
put out 与 go out 表示“熄灭”的区别:
put out (人)使火熄灭
i put out the fire.
我扑灭了火。
go out(火自己)熄灭
the fire has gone out.
火自己熄灭了。拓展:(1) put aside 忽视,不理会 (2) put through 完成,使成功(3) put away把...放回原处,攒钱 (4) put up 表现,提出(意见等)(5) put down 降落,着陆 (6) put off 推迟运用:选择填空 the sports meeting must be____ because of the bad weather. a. put off b. put c. put aside d. put on 答案:a put off 推迟 ,put aside 忽视,不理会 。 三.重点句型 1.be said to+v 据说 拓展:(1) be said to be/do 据说做某事 如: the book is said to be good.据说这是一本好书。 (2) be said to be doing 据说正在做某事 如: she is said to be working on a new novel. 据说她正在写一本新小说。 (3) be said to have done 据说已经做了某事 如:she is said to have written 3 novels.据说她已经写了三本小说。运用:翻译下列句子 (1)据说他是班里为勤奋的学生。 答案:he is said to be the most hard-working in his class. (2)据说她正在日本学习。 答案: she is said to be studying in japan. (3)据说他已写了三本小说。 答案: he is said to have written three novels.2.while 当……时,在……时候 i was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.共6页,当前第5页123456 当我在做作业时,妈妈在做饭。拓展:有很多意思,可以用在许多从句中。 (1) 当……时,在……时候,和……同时,引导时间状语从句。 如: his sister was watching tv while tom was doing his homework. 当汤姆正在做作业时,他姐姐正在看电视。 (2) 只要,引导条件状语从句。 如: i will go with you while he helps me. 只要他将帮我,我就将和你一起去。 (3) 虽然,尽管, 引导让步状语从句。 如: while he has many shortcomings, she still loves him. 尽管他有许多缺点,但她依然爱他。 (4) 表对此关系。 如: kate likes music while her twin sister likes sports. 运用:翻译下列句子 (1) 他在看书时睡着了。 答案: he fell asleep while(he was) reading. (2)有生命就有希望。 答案: while there is life ,there is hope.有 (3)尽管他昨天病了,但他还是去帮她了。 答案:while he was ill yesterday he went to help her. (4)我喜欢数学,而我的兄弟却喜欢英语。 答案:i like math while my brother likes english. 四.长句辩析1. traditional moon cakes are usually made with....拓展:1)be made with 表示构成某一物品的主要原材料。 the cake is made with flour. 蛋糕主要是由面粉做成的。2)be made of 和be made from 都有“由原材料制成”但后者表示某一物品由某材料制成后,原材料已看不出。运用:翻译下列句子(1)有的鞋子是用布做的。答案:some shoes are made of cloth. (2)纸是由木材做成的。答案:the paper is made from wood. (3)木材能被制成纸。答案:wood can be made into paper.2. in the past, lanterns....拓展:(1)light的过去式和过去分词同分别是lit/lit 和lighted/lighted.作谓语时,两者都可使用,但做定语时只能用lighted。如:he lighted/lit the candle 他点燃了蜡烛。 (2)be decorated with 布置,装饰有the hall is decoraterd with flowers大厅里布置上了鲜花。运用:改错this is a lit cigarette.答案:lit改为lighted共6页,当前第6页123456