a. to have studied b. to study c. made d. to make㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.1. he didn’t like to be laughed at.2. he claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.a. being badly treated b. treating badlyc. to be treated badly d. to have been badly treated.不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式,多数情况下是容易判别的,但有时的确比较复杂,请注意以下几点:1. 在there be结构中。在there be结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式,也可以用主动形式,在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如:there is no time to lose (to be lost). 时间紧迫,不能耽误了。 there are still many difficulties to overcome (to be overcome). 还有许多困难要克服。 但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思。当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式,如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成,则用被动形式。试比较: there is nothing to do now. (we have nothing to do.) 我们现在没事干。 there is nothing to be done now. (we can do nothing now.) 现在没有什么办法了。 2.在“n/pron + be + adj + to do”结构中,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
with so many exercises to do,i can‘t go to the cinema.5.动词不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现i have a letter to type today.(i是to type的逻辑主语)do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)注意比较:1) do you have anything to send?2) do you have anything to be sent? (1)你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you) (2)你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)注意:若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式则必须用被动式6.当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。this is the best book to read (=for us/you to read).
the important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house.7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent,hire,blame, to seek等。the house is to let.
i felt i was to blame.the reason is not far to seek. 理由不难找到。8. need /require/want 表示“需要”时+ to be done, 和接v.-ing的主动形式表达含义一致。 我的车需要修理。my car needs repairing(=needs to be repaired). 9.通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:they say that mike is sick in bed.=it is said that mike is sick in bed.=mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.exercise:1. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen2. i hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off. a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. told3. do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.
a. to tell b. to be told c. to be telling d. to have been told4. it is said that plastics can be used to____ many things. now people are used to____ plastics products. a. make; using b. making; using c. making; use d. make; use5. with a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.a. settled b. settling c. to settle d. being settled6. the bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday a. to be robbed b to have keen robbed c robbed d having been robbed 7. an exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week. a. are to be held b. is to be held c. are holding d. will hold 8. the question asked by him is hard _____ . a. to answer b. to be answered c. to be answering d. for answer 9. to have been rich. a. they say b. it is said c. he is said d. that was said 10. mathematics is difficult ______. a. to learn b. for learning c. to be learned d. of learning11. --- i can't see the blackboard very well. ---- perhaps you need ______. a. to examine your eyes b. to have your eyes examined c. to have examined your eyes d. to be examined your eyes12.. ---- why do you call your son mouse? ---- he wants ______ by the name. a. to call b. to be called c. to be calling d. being called13. his idea, though good, needs ______ out. a. being tried b. to try c. tried d. to be tried14. ---have you gone to see the doctor?---no, but ______.a. i go b. i am going to see c. i go to see d. i’m going to