module7unit2fitforlife
新课标单词
historian n.历史学家 recipe n.处方;食谱,菜谱 physician n.医生,内科医师
bark n.树皮;(狗)叫,吠 vi.(狗)叫,吠 chemist n.药剂师;化学家
trial n.试用;试验;考验 tablet n.药片;写字板,书写板
standardize vt.使符合标准,使标准化 best-selling adj.畅销的
painkiller n.止痛药,镇痛剂 author n.作者 heartattack心脏病发作
thin vt.&vi.(使)变稀,(使)变薄,(使)变淡;(使)变细
block vt.阻塞,阻挡;妨碍 length n.长度 contemporary adj.当代的;同时代的
scottish adj.苏格兰的 note vt.发现,注意到;记录 transparent adj.透明的
application n.应用,运用;申请 name vt.命名,给……取名
unable adj.不能的,不会的 chemical adj.化学的 purify vt.使纯净,净化,提纯
quantity n.量,数量 widespread adj.普遍的,普及的,广泛的 lung n.肺
mass adj.批量的,大量的,大规模的;群众的,民众的
n.团,块,堆;较大部分,主体部分;体积,大小,群众,人群
rapidly adv.迅速地,快速地 powerful adj.效力大的,强效的
wonder adj.非凡的,奇妙的,奇特的,神奇的
n.奇迹,神奇;奇观;惊奇,惊讶
millionsof数百万的,大量的 relief n.减轻,缓解;轻松,宽慰;救济,救助
potential adj.潜在的,可能的 enquiry n.询问,咨询 ward n.病房
fundamental adj.基础的,根本的;重要的,至关重要的
handful n.少数,少量;一把 annual adj.每年的,一年一次的
arrangement n.安排;排列 receptionist n.接待员,招待员
pleasure n.愉快,快乐;乐事 eyesight n.视力 adjustable adj.可调节的
magic adj.有魔力的,不可思议的,魔术的 needle n.针 art n.技艺,技术
sharp-edged adj.有锋利边缘的 swollen adj.肿胀的 arrowhead n.箭头;箭头状物
sharp adj.锋利的锐利的;尖的;突然的,急转向的;尖刻的,辛辣的;灵敏的,敏锐的
fine adj.细的,纤细的 point n.点,位置;尖端;要点;分数共
insert vt.插入;嵌入 symptom n.症状 function n.功能,作用
heartbeat n.心跳 addiction n.上瘾,沉溺,入迷 overeating n.过量饮食
relieve vt.减轻(病痛、忧虑、负担等),缓解;救济,救助 unclear adj.不清楚的
课文出现短语
1.keepushealthy 2.openup 3.carryout 4.giveup 5.cometrue 6.figureout
7.gowrong 8.putoff 9.putupwith 10.makeout 11.callback 12.lookoutfor
13.atcertainpoints 14.findout 15.ifso 16.recommenddoing
17.incontemporarysociety 18.inlargequantities 19.truninto
20.befundamentalto(doing) 21.adiseasecalledmalaria 22.lookinto
23.lookdownupon 24.putthrough 25.comeup 26.remindsbtodo
27.bebasedon 28.blockfromdoing 29.focuson 30.reducetheriskof
31.tryout 32.dueto 33.inadditionto 34.haveaninfluenceon
35.leavebehind 36.askfor 37.setup 38.putoff
39.takemeasurestodo 40.let…outof 41.beconnectedwith
一.单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词,注意形式变化。
1.ap____________isapersonwhohasgeneralskillstotreatphysicalproblems.
2.penicillinwasd___________inthemouldthatgrewonaspecialtransparentjelly.
3.heisthea__________whosebooksarebest-sellingthisyear.
4.stokeisatypeofseriousillnesswhenbloodvesselsinthebrainb_____suddenly
orareb___________.
5.aspirincanreducetheriskofheartattacksbyt__________blood.
6.hetriedtoapplyforthepatent.buthisa___________wasnotacceptedatall.
7.overeatingmakeshim___________(不能)toliveanormallife.
8.in1900,aspirinwassoldinshopsasat____________________(含有)500mgofasa.共
9.hisreportwas_____(忽视)atfirstbutlaterwasi________(证实)verypowerfulinthisfield.
10.theyrealizedtherewassome__________(潜在的)dangerbehindthecase.
11.thereisahigh_____________(可能性)thatthemurdererjusthidinthehill.
12.i’llputyouthroughtothe______(接待员)andshecantakedownyour__________(详情).
二.词形转换
1.historyn.---______(adj.)---____(n.人) 2.standardn.--_________(vt.)
3.ableadj.---_________(反) 4.purifyv.--_______(n.)---_______(adj.)
5.reliefn.---_______(v.) 6.enquirev.---_________(n.)
7.annualadj.---________(adv.) 8.adjustv.---__________(adj.)
9.addictionn.---________(adj.) 10.surgicaladj.---_______(n.)
三.句型结构
1.ifyouopenupanymedicinecupboardintheworld,thereisahighprobabilitythatyouwillfindaspirinandpenicillin.(p18)倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜,都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。
openup probability probable
注意比较:
probable:adj.很可能的,与likely意思相近,有时可以互换;possible的语气稍弱。
他们各自的句型如下:
it’sprobable/possibleforsb.todosth.
it’sprobable/possiblethat… it’slikelythat… sb./sth.islikelytodosth.
2.…butinfact,3,500yearsago,somerecipesrecommendeddrinkingateamadefromthedriedleavesofaparticularplanttoreducebodypains.(p18)但事实上,早在3,5XX年前就有一些药方建议人们饮用一种由特殊植物的干叶制成的茶来减轻身体的病痛。
recommend recommended adj. recommendation[coru] make…from…
相关短语:
make…of…/bemadeof… earringsaremadeofgold
make…into…/bemadefrom woodcanbemadeintotables.
makeup/bemadeupof… elevenplayersmakeupthefootballteam.
thefootballteamismadeupofelevenplayers.
3.thefirsttrialsofthismedicinetookplacein1899whenthecompanyhoffmannworkedforbegangivingthemedicineinpowderformtophysicianstousewithpatients.(p18)1899年,该药品第一次进行实验,当时,霍夫曼供职的公司开始将该药以粉末形式提供给医师,让他们用于病人。
trial trialanderror
occur:tohappen:
anaccidentinvolvingovertenvehicleshasoccurredintheeast-boundlane.
occurtosb.phrasalverb共
thethoughtdidoccurtome.
[+that]itneverevenoccurredtousthathehadn'tbeeninvited.
violenceofsomesortseemstooccurineverysociety.
in…form=intheformof…
thelawnwaslaidoutintheformofthefigureeight.
4.ayearlater,in1900,aspirinwassoldinshopsasatabletcontaining500milligramsofasa.(p18)一年以后,阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售,每片含有200毫克的乙酰水杨酸。
contain
注意比较:
include v.[t]tocontainsth.asapartofsth.else,ortomakesth.partofsth.else:
thebookcontains40maps,includingamapofchina.
thebillincludestaxandservice.
taxandserviceareincludedinthebill.
5.lawrencecraven,adoctorfromtheusa,istheauthorofseveralpublishedreports,oneofwhichintroducedtheideain1953thataspirincouldreducetheriskofheartattacksbythinningblood.(p18)美国的一位医生劳伦斯•克雷文发表了好几篇报告,其中1953年的一篇报告提出了阿司匹林可以稀释血液。
thin adj.(thinner,thinnest)havingasmalldistancebetweentwooppositesides:
athinbook thinblacklines athinjacket athinsoup
v.[t]tomakeasubstancelessthick,oftenbyaddingaliquidtoit:
thinthesaucedownwithalittlestock.
6.…andin1977,astudycarriedoutintheusashowedthatthechemicalasainaspirincouldpreventastroke,whichisatypeofseriousillnesswhenbloodvesselsinthebrainburstsuddenlyorareblocked.(p18)1977年,美国的一项研究证明,阿司匹林中的化学物质乙酰水杨酸能预防中风。中风是由于大脑血管爆裂或梗塞而产生的一种突发疾病。
block
n.[c]1)ablockofwood/ice 2)ablockoftickets/seats/shares
3)anofficeblock 4)themuseumisjustsixblocksaway.
myfriendandiliveonthesameblock. 5)itookawalkaroundtheblock.
6)ablockin(=anobjectblocking)
v.[t]afallentreeisblockingtheroad.
myviewwasblockedbyatallmaninfrontofme.
shewasverytalentedandifeltherparentswereblockingherprogress.
7.in1999,aspirinwas100yearsoldandyettherehavebeenmorediscoveriesonhowitcanhelpincreasethelengthofpeople’slives.(p19)到1999年,阿司匹林已有1XX年的历史,然而关于它如何帮助延长人类寿命方面还有更多的发现。
length
n.1)[coru]theboatistenmetresinlength.
thelengthofthebayisapproximately200miles.
2)[c]alengthofrope 3)[c]theamountoftimesth.takes:共
thelengthofafilm/speech/play keepsb.atarm'slength
atlength 1)foralongtime: georgewentonatgreatlengthabouthisvariousillnesses.
2)formalifsth.happensatlength,ithappensafteralongperiodoftime:
atlength,theauthoritiesallowedhertogohome.
8.henotedthatmouldhadgrownonaspecialtransparentjellythathadbacteriaonit.(p19) 他注意到,带有细菌的一种特殊的,透明的果子冻上长起了霉。
note
v. n.[u]formal
therewasnothingofnoteinthelatestreport.
noted adj. summerhillschoolisnotedforitsprogressivepolicies.
she'snotnotedforherpatience(=sheisnotapatientperson).
9.itwasnotuntilworldwariithattwootherscientistsmanagedtousenewchemicaltechniquestopurifyit.(p19)直到二战另外两个科学家才设法使用新的化学方法来净化它。
itwasnotuntilthat…这是一个not…until…结构的强调句型。
强调句型的结构为:itis/was+被强调部分+that…
高考链接
1.itwasnotuntilshegothome_______jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.(XX全国ii)
a.when b.that c.where d.before
2.itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired_______herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.(XX辽宁)
a.that b.when c.since d.as
10.henamedthechemicalfoundinthemouldpenicillinandtriedtomakeitpuretobeamedicine,butwasunabletodothat.(p19)他把霉里的化学物质命名为青霉素并尽力提纯该物质以便制药,但没能做成。
name
v. n.[c]pleasewriteyourfull(=complete)nameandaddressontheform.
thestudentswerelistedbynameandbycountryoforigin.
pure adj. apurecottonshirt
note:theoppositeisimpure.
purify v.[t] plantshelptopurifytheair.
oneofthefunctionsofthekidneysistopurifytheblood.
unable adj.wewereunabletocontacthimatthetime.
11.theywereabletoproduceitinlargequantities.(p19)他们能够大量地生产它。
able adj. willshebeabletocopewiththework?
he'sneverbeenabletoadmittohismistakes.
ability(power) n.[coru]
there'snodoubtingherability.
she'sawomanofconsiderableabilities.
1.beableto不可以和can/could连用,可以和may/might连用;
2.could表示过去存在的状态,而was/wereableto表示过去发生的动作。
forexample:hecouldswimat10andoncehewasabletoswimacrosstheriver.
quantity n.[coru]weconsumedvastquantitiesoffoodanddrinkthatnight.共
the(sheer)quantity(=largeamount)ofequipmentneededforthetripisstaggering.
表示“许多”的词或短语如下:
(1)修饰可数名词的:many,agreat/goodmany,quiteafew,
alarge/greatnumberof/numbersof,manya
(2)修饰不可数名词的:much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof/largeamountsof
(3)既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数名词的:alotof/lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof/largequantitiesof,amassof,massesof
高考链接
wealwayskeep_______sparepaper,incaseweranout.(XX浙江)
a.toomuch b.anumber c.plentyof d.agoodmany
12.ifpenicillinhadnotbeenavailable,manypeoplewouldhavediedfrombacterialillnessesorevenminorwounds.(p19)如果没有青霉素,很多人会死于由细菌引起的疾病。
available adj. isthisdressavailableinalargersize?
there'snomoneyavailableforanofficepartythisyear.
[+toinfinitive]i'mafraidi'mnotavailabletohelpwiththeshowonthe19th.
die v.[i](dying,died,died) twelvepeoplediedintheaccident.
itisabravepersonwhowilldiefortheirbeliefs.
die相关短语:
diefrom:死于(外因) dieof:死于(疾病,饥饿,严寒等内因)
dieaway:(声音等的)消逝 diedown:(火势,怒气等的)平息
dieout:(风俗习惯,物种等的)灭绝,消失 dieoff:相继死去直至死光
diefor:为…而死;渴望得到…
13.penicillinisalsousedtotreatotherillnessesincludingpneumonia,anillnessthataffectsthelungs.(p19)青霉素也用于治疗其他的疾病,其中包括肺炎,这是一种侵袭肺部的疾病.
affect v.[t] bothbuildingswerebadlyaffectedbythefire.
thedivorceaffectedeveryaspectofherlife.
it'sadiseasewhichaffectsmainlyolderpeople.
14.in1945,allthethreescientists,fleming,floreyandchain,sharedthenobelprizeinphysiologyormedicinefortheirwork,andpenicillinrapidlybecamethepowerful‘wonderdrug’whichsavedmillionsoflives.(p19)由于弗莱明,弗洛里和钱恩的贡献,1945年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖的生理学或医药学奖,而青霉素因挽救了数百万人的生命,很快成为一种强大的“神奇药品”。
share v.1)[iort] billandisharedanofficeforyears.
ishareahousewithfourotherpeople.
2)[iort] willyoushareyoursandwichwithme?
3)[iort] shallwesharethedriving?共
4)[iort] weshareaninterestinsailing.
idon'tshareyourviews/beliefs.
dozensof:一打一打的 scoresof:许多 hundredsof:数以百万计的
thousandsof:数以千计的 millionsof:数以百万计的
note:这些词前面加数词后面不能加-s,如:twodozen等.
15.ithassavedandbroughtrelieftomillionsofpeople’slives.(p21)它拯救了许多人的性命,减轻了许多人的痛苦.
relief n.[coru]aninternationalreliefoperation
acupunctureanaesthesiabroughtrelieftothepatient.
relieve v.[t]1)emergencyfoodaidtohelprelievethefamine
2)i'mondutyuntil2p.m.andthenpeteriscomingtorelieveme.
16.itwasfundamentaltosavingmanythousandsoflivesandisoneofthemostimportantmedicinesofcontemporarysociety.(p21)它对于拯救许多人的性命是很重要的,并且它是当代社会最重要的药物之一.
fundamental adj.
weneedtomakefundamentalchangestothewayinwhichwetreatourenvironment.
fundamentally adv.
ournewmanagingdirectorhasreorganizedthecompanyabit,butnothinghasfundamentallychanged/altered(=itsbasiccharacterhasnotchanged).
istillbelievethatpeoplearefundamentally(=inabasicandimportantway)good
四.完成句子
1、到目前为止,这种新药还未进行人体试验(tryout)
_____________,thenewdrughasn’tbeen____________onhumansyet.
2、他缺少经验,不能胜任这项工作(unable)
he__________todothejob_________________experience.
3、他们意识到,由于粗心大意所产生的这个错误的严重性(dueto)
they_____________thatthemistake___________carelessnesswasserious.
4、倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜,都很可能找到这两种药(probability)
ifyou_________anymedicinecupboardintheworld,thereisa____________thatyouwill
findthistwokindsofmedicines.
5、许多人认为这种药是当代社会中最重要的药物之一(consider)
thiskindofmedicine_______manytobeoneofthemostimportantmedicinesinthesociety.
五.翻译句子
1.如果我们需要做手术的话,就使用一个特殊的被成为手术室的房间.
2.我本来以为他很出名,但我的朋友都没曾听说过他。
3.我们教育学生在读书的时候拿书离他们的眼睛至少有30厘米的距离。
4.昨晚他工作到深夜,今天他很可能会上班迟到。
5.过去的20年中,这个乡村发生了很大变化
6.据说青霉素能希释血液,帮助减少心脏病的危机。
7.他们建议喝点用特别的树叶所制成的茶叶。
8.当你在网上收集信息的时候,你最好是注明来源。
9.老师们已经被训练来留意可能有视力问题的学生。
10.警察似乎很确信他们能找到对这次袭击负责的人。
参考答案共
一.单词应用
1.physician 2.discovered 3.author 4. burst,blocked 5.thinning
6.application 7.unable 8.tablet,containing 9.ignored/overlooked,identified 10.potential 11.probability 12.receptionist,details
二.词形转换
1.historical historian 2.standardize 3.unable 4.purity pure 5.relieve
6.enquiry 7.annually 8.adjustable 9.addictive 10.surgery
四.完成句子
1.uptonow; triedout 2.isunable;forlackof 3.wereaware;dueto
4.openup;highprobability 5.isconsideredby;contemporary
五.翻译句子
1.ifweneedanoperation,aspecialroomcalledanoperatingtheatreisused.
2.ithoughtshewasfamous,butnoneofmyfriendshaveeverheardofher.
3.weteachstudentstoholdabookatleast30cmawayfromtheireyeswhilereading.
4.heworkeddeepintonightlastnight.thereisaprobabilitythathewillbelateforworktoday.
5.greatchangehavetakenplaceintheruralareasinthepasttwodecades.
6.itisreportedthataspirincanthinbloodandhelpreducetheriskofheartattacks
7.theyrecommendeddrinkingsometeamadefromthebarksofspecialtrees.
8.whenyousearchforinformationontheinternet,you’dbetternoteitssources.
9.teachershavebeentrainedtolookoutforstudentswhomaybehavingeyesightproblems.
10.thepoliceseemcertain(that)theywillfindthepeopleresponsiblefortheattack.
共