高二英语 选修七unit2 robots导学单
导学单(四)grammar learning
教学目标:复习被动语态。各种时态下被动语态的结构和用法。能辨别被动语态与系表结构。
look at the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined part.
1.knives are used for cutting things.
2.the foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
3.nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.
4.several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
5.your mistakes should be corrected right now.
6.my bike is being repaired by tom now
discovering useful structures go over the passive voice
be + v+-ed/-en/-t
my hamburger was eaten by the dog.
a new hospital will be built in our city.
使用被动语态的情况
1.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。
printing was introduced to europe from china. (省略了by短语。)
look! there is nothing here. everything has been taken away. (省略了by短语。)
2.当我们出于礼貌、措辞委婉等方面 考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。
you are requested to give a performance.
you are cordially (诚挚地) invited to a party to be given at the teachers' club at 3 p.m. nov. 23.
3.当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受 时(这时可带by引起的短语)。
the song was composed (组成; 写作)by a student.
a good time was had by all.
被动语态的构成
被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
一般现在时:am/is/are + given
the first section of new college english is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.
一般过去时:was/were + given
these computers were made in our own country.
一般将来时:will/shall be + given
shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
过去将来时:would be + given
the news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
现在进行时:am/is/are being + given
trees are being planted over there by them.
过去进行时:was/were being + given
the feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.
现在完成时:have/has been + given
swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
过去完成时:had been + given
the huge bridge had been damaged before the world war ii.
将来完成时:will/shall have been + given
the book will have been published by the end of next month.
课堂检测
1.old mcdonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _____ to his old ways.
a. returned b. returns c. was returning d. had returned
2.in some parts of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar.
a. is serving b. is served c. serves d. served
3. the new dictionaries are very useful. they ____ well and ______ already.
a. sell, have been sold out b. sold, had sold out
c. sell, sell out d. are sold, have been sold out
4. the train ____ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late.
a. was about to b. was likely to c. was supposed to d. was certain to
5.this dictionary mustn’t ____ from the library.
a. take away b. taken away c. are taken away d. be taken away
6. my shoes _____. i went out for a new pair.
a. is worn out b. wore out c. were worn off d. were worn out
7. that kind of shirts _______ cotton.
a. is made from b. are made from c. is made of d. are made of
8. rice ______ in south china.
a. growing b. is grown c. are grown d. is grow
9. all the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start.
a. completed b. complete c. had been completed d. have been completed
10. the teacher told his students that they____ to be useful men to the country.
a. were all expected b. were all expecting c. all were expected d. all expected
11. some of the hotels in my hometown _______.
a. have now been rebuilding b. are now rebuilding
c. are now being rebuilt d. are rebuilt now
用被动语态改换下列各句。